Editing Great Zimbabwe (section)

===Settlement===
The Great Zimbabwe area was previously settled by the [[San people|San]] dating back 100,000 years,{{Efn|Some scholars contest that cultures and identities can't be considered fixed or invariable, especially over such a long time period.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/abs/primordialism-and-the-pleistocene-san-of-southern-africa/45D6E61597C34A496AB5A0B6FA1C7632 |last1=Pargeter |first1=Justin |last2=Mackay |first2=Alex |last3=Mitchell |first3=Peter |last4=Shea |first4=John |last5=Stewart |first5=Brian |title=Primordialism and the 'Pleistocene San' of southern Africa |year=2016 |journal=Antiquity |volume=90 |issue=352}}</ref>}} and, starting around 150 BC, by [[Bantu peoples|Bantu-speaking peoples]] who formed agricultural [[chiefdom]]s starting in the 4th century AD.<ref name=":2"/>{{Rp|pages=11–12}} Between the 4th and the 7th centuries, communities of the [[Gokomere]] or [[Ziwa]] cultures farmed the valley, and mined and worked iron, but built no stone structures.<ref name="antiquity" /><ref>Pikirayi (2001) p129</ref> These are the earliest [[Iron Age]] settlements in the area identified from archaeological diggings, and the later [[Gumanye people]] are considered the ancestors of the [[Karanga people|Karanga]] (south-central [[Shona people|Shona]]),{{Efn|The term ''Karanga'' began as an exonym of the Shona used by outsiders, however in the modern day it refers to a dialect of Shona in south-central Zimbabwe.<ref>{{cite book |title=Becoming Zimbabwe : a history from the pre-colonial period to 2008 |year=2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/becomingzimbabwe0000unse |last1=Raftopoulos |first1=Brian |last2=Mlambo |first2=Alois|isbn=978-1-77922-083-7 }}</ref>{{rp|page=4}}}} who would construct Great Zimbabwe.<ref>Summers (1970) p163</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Chirikure |first1=Shadreck |last2=Manyanga |first2=Munyaradzi |last3=Pikirayi |first3=Innocent |last4=Pollard |first4=Mark |date=2013-12-01 |title=New Pathways of Sociopolitical Complexity in Southern Africa |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10437-013-9142-3 |journal=African Archaeological Review |language=en |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=339–366 |doi=10.1007/s10437-013-9142-3 |issn=1572-9842|hdl=2263/41780 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>