Editing Gottfried Kinkel (section)

==Exile==
===London===
In London, he joined the [[Communist League]].  Later he became involved with the [[August Willich]]-[[Karl Schapper]] group within the League and came out against [[Karl Marx]] and [[Frederick Engels]] in the split within the Communist League.<ref name="bionote" />

Kinkel visited the United States to raise funds for a "German National Loan" that was to fund revolutionary activities in Germany. Although he was enthusiastically received, and met with President [[Millard Fillmore]], he raised very little money.

Returning to London in 1853, he taught German and public speaking for women, and lectured on [[German literature]], art, and the history of culture.  In 1858, he founded the German paper, ''Hermann''. Johanna Kinkel lost her life in late 1858 when she fell or threw herself out of a window.<ref>{{Cite AmCyc|wstitle=Kinkel, Johann Gottfried}}</ref> In 1860, Kinkel married Minna Emilia Ida Werner, a [[Königsberg]]er who was living in London. In 1863, he was appointed examiner at the [[University of London]] and other schools in England.

===Switzerland===
In 1866 he accepted a professorship of archaeology and the history of art at the Polytechnikum in [[Zürich]], where he died 16 years later.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} He was never able to return to Germany. The 1920 ''[[Encyclopedia Americana]]'' speculates that it was probably his love of his native country that brought him to Zürich.