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=== Australia and New Zealand === {{Main article|Australian gold rushes}} [[File:Ballarat 1853-54 von guerard.jpg|thumb|[[Ballarat]]'s tent city in the summer of 1853β54, oil painting from an original sketch by [[Eugene von Guerard]]]] Various gold rushes occurred in Australia over the second half of the 19th century. The most significant of these, although not the only ones, were the [[New South Wales gold rush]] and [[Victorian gold rush]] in 1851,<ref>{{cite book | author=[[Wendy Lewis]], Simon Balderstone and John Bowan | title=Events That Shaped Australia | publisher=New Holland | year=2006 | isbn=978-1-74110-492-9 }}</ref> and the [[Western Australian gold rushes]] of the 1890s. They were highly significant to their respective colonies' political and economic development as they brought many immigrants, and promoted massive government spending on infrastructure to support the new arrivals who came looking for gold. While some found their fortune, those who did not often remained in the colonies and took advantage of extremely liberal land laws to take up farming. [[File:A chart showing the great nuggets of Victoria.jpg|thumb|A chart showing the great nuggets of Victoria at [[Museums Victoria]]]] Gold rushes happened at or around: {{columns-list|colwidth=22em| *[[Ballarat]], [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] *[[Bathurst, New South Wales]] *[[Beechworth]], Victoria *[[Bendigo]], Victoria *[[Canoona, Queensland]] *[[Charters Towers]], Queensland *[[Coolgardie, Western Australia]] *[[Gympie]], Queensland *[[Gulgong, New South Wales]] *[[Halls Creek, Western Australia]] *[[Hill End, New South Wales]] *[[Kalgoorlie]], Western Australia *[[Queenstown, Tasmania]] }} In New Zealand the [[Otago gold rush]] from 1861 attracted prospectors from the [[California gold rush]] and the [[Victorian gold rush]] and many moved on to the [[West Coast gold rush]] from 1864.
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