Editing Goitre (section)

==Diagnosis==
[[File:Struma 004.jpg|thumb|Goitre with [[Thyroid adenoma|toxic adenoma]]]]
Goitre may be diagnosed via a [[thyroid function test]] in an individual suspected of having it.<ref>{{cite web |title=Goitre |url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/goitre/ |website=nhs.uk |access-date=27 March 2019 |language=en |date=19 October 2017}}</ref>

===Types===
A goitre may be classified either as nodular or diffuse. Nodular goitres are either of one nodule (uninodular) or of multiple nodules (multinodular).<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1016/B978-0-323-53114-6.00007-9 |chapter=Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands |title=Gnepp's Diagnostic Surgical Pathology of the Head and Neck |date=2021 |last1=Chernock |first1=Rebecca |last2=Williams |first2=Michelle D. |pages=606–688 |isbn=978-0-323-53114-6 }}</ref> Multinodular goiter (MNG) is the most common disorder of the thyroid gland.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Medeiros-Neto |first1=Geraldo |title=Endotext |date=2000 |publisher=MDText.com, Inc. |chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK285569/ |chapter=Multinodular Goiter |pmid=25905424 }}</ref>

;Growth pattern:
* Uninodular goitre: one [[thyroid nodule]]; can be either inactive, or active (toxic) – autonomously producing thyroid hormone.
* Multinodular goitre: multiple nodules;<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Frilling A, Liu C, Weber F | title = Benign multinodular goiter | journal = Scandinavian Journal of Surgery | volume = 93 | issue = 4 | pages = 278–81 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15658668 | doi = 10.1177/145749690409300405 }}</ref> can likewise be inactive or toxic, the latter is called [[toxic multinodular goitre]] and associated with [[hyperthyroidism]]. These nodules grow up at varying rates and secrete thyroid hormone autonomously, thereby suppressing TSH-dependent growth and function in the rest of gland. Inactive nodules in the same goitre can be malignant.<ref name="BMJ">{{cite web |title=Toxic multinodular goitre - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment {{!}} BMJ Best Practice |url=https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/714 |website=bestpractice.bmj.com |language=en-us}}</ref> [[Thyroid cancer]] is identified in 13.7% of the patients operated for multinodular goitre.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gandolfi PP, Frisina A, Raffa M, Renda F, Rocchetti O, Ruggeri C, Tombolini A | title = The incidence of thyroid carcinoma in multinodular goiter: retrospective analysis | journal = Acta Bio-Medica | volume = 75 | issue = 2 | pages = 114–7 | date = August 2004 | pmid = 15481700 }}</ref>
* Diffuse goitre: the whole thyroid appearing to be enlarged due to [[hyperplasia]].

;Size:
* Class I: the goitre in normal posture of the head cannot be seen; it is only found by [[palpation]].
* Class II: the goitre is palpable and can be easily seen.
* Class III: the goitre is very large and is retrosternal (partially or totally lying below the [[sternum]]), pressure results in compression marks.