Editing Glossary of chess (section)

==C==
{{glossary}}
 	
[[Image:Caissa.jpg|thumb|upright=0.80|Caïssa, the patron goddess of chess (author unknown, 19th century)]]
{{term|term= Caïssa|content= [[Caïssa]] {{anchor|Caïssa|Caissa}} }}
{{defn|defn= Known as the goddess or muse of chess, whose name is taken from a nymph in a 1763 poem, ''Caïssa or The Game at Chess'', by Sir William Jones.<ref>Judovitz & Duchamp 2010, p. 137</ref>}}

{{term|term= calculate|content= calculate {{anchor|Calculate|calculation|calculations|calculated|calculating}} }}
{{defn|defn= To plan mentally a series of moves and consider possible responses, without actually moving the pieces.<ref name=S&S_p238 />}}

{{term|term= Candidate Master|content= [[Candidate Master]] {{anchor|Candidate Master|Candidate Masters}} }}
{{defn|defn= A chess title ranking below [[#FIDE Master|FIDE Master]].<ref name=cmandwcmtitles>{{Cite web|url=https://handbook.fide.com/chapter/B01Regulations2017|title = B. Permanent Commissions / 01. International Title Regulations (Qualification Commission) / FIDE Title Regulations effective from 1 July 2017 / FIDE Handbook}}</ref> Abbr. CM.}}

{{term|term= candidate move|content= [[candidate move]] {{anchor|Candidate move|candidate moves}} }}
{{defn|defn= A move that seems good upon initial observation of the position, and that warrants further analysis.<ref>Johnson 2010, p. 12</ref>}}

{{term|term= Candidates Match|content= Candidates Match {{anchor|Candidates Match|Candidates Matches}} }}
{{defn|defn= A [[#knockout tournament|knockout]] match in the [[#Candidates Tournament|Candidates Tournament]].<ref>Olafsson 2014, p. 32</ref>}}

{{term|term= Candidates Tournament|content= Candidates Tournament {{anchor|Candidates Tournament|Candidates Tournaments}} }}
{{defn|defn= A tournament organized by the [[#FIDE|FIDE]], the third and last qualifying cycle of the [[World Chess Championship]]. The participants are the top players of the [[#Interzonal tournament|Interzonal tournament]] plus possibly other players selected on the basis of rating or performance in the previous candidates tournament. The top ranking player(s) qualify(ies) for the world championship.<ref>Higgins, Andrew. "Masters of Chess, Not Self-Promotion". ''The New York Times''. 30 March 2016</ref>}}

{{term|term= can opener|content= can opener {{anchor|Can opener|can openers}} }}
{{defn|defn= [colloq.] The plan of attacking a [[#kingside|kingside]] position (sometimes a [[#fianchetto|fianchettoed]] one) by advancing the h-pawn with the intention of opening a file near the defender's king.<ref>Souleidis 2017, p. 176</ref>{{verify source|date=May 2024}}}}

{{term|term= capped piece|content= capped piece {{anchor|Capped piece|capped pieces}} }}
{{defn|defn= A particular piece with which one player attempts to deliver checkmate. The requirement to checkmate with the capped piece constitutes a [[#odds|handicap]]. When the capped piece is a [[#pawn|pawn]], it is called a ''pion coiffé'' [from French, "capped pawn"].<ref>Staunton 1875, p. 384</ref>}}

{{term|term= capture|content= capture {{anchor|Capture|captures|captured|capturing}} }}
{{defn|defn=A move by a pawn or piece that removes from the board the opponent's pawn or piece. The capturing piece then occupies the square of the captured piece, except in the case of a capture that is done ''[[#en passant|en passant]]''.<ref>Keene 1989, p. 178</ref>}}

{{term|term= castling|content= [[castling]] {{anchor|Castling|castle|castled}} }}
{{defn|defn= A move in which the [[#king|king]] and a [[#rook|rook]] are moved at the same time. It moves the king from the center to a flank where it usually is safer, and it [[#development|develops]] the rook. It is the only time two pieces are moved in a turn. Castling can be done on either the [[#kingside|kingside]] (notated 0-0) or the [[#queenside|queenside]] (0-0-0). Castling cannot be done in reply to a [[#check|check]], nor if the king were to cross or land on a square that is under attack by the opponent, nor if either the king or the rook involved has already moved.<ref name="Staunton 2014, p. 55">Staunton 2014, p. 55</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chesscorner.com/tutorial/basic/castling/castle.htm|title=Chess Corner – Chess Tutorial – Castling|access-date=2019-06-25|archive-date=2019-07-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705231309/http://www.chesscorner.com/tutorial/basic/castling/castle.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}

{{term|term= castling into it|content= castling into it {{anchor|Castling into it|castle into it|castled into it}} }}
{{defn|defn= A situation where one side [[castling|castles]] and a result is that the king is in more danger at the destination than on the initial square, either immediately or because lines and diagonals can be more readily opened against it.<ref>Pandolfini 1989, p. 64</ref>}}

{{term|term= castling long|content= castling long {{anchor|Castling long|castle long|castles long|castled long}} }}
{{defn|defn= [[#castling|Castling]] [[#queenside|queenside]]; in [[#notation|chess notation]]: 0-0-0.<ref name="Staunton 2014, p. 55">Staunton 2014, p. 55</ref> Also called ''long castling''.<ref name="H&W_1996_p71">Hooper & Whyld 1996, p. 71</ref>}}

{{term|term= castling rights|content= [[Castling#Castling rights|castling rights]] {{anchor|Castling rights|castling right}} }}
{{defn|defn= The ability to castle under the [[#laws of chess|laws of chess]].}}

{{term|term= castling short|content= castling short {{anchor|Castling short|castle short|castles short|castled short}} }}
{{defn|defn= [[#castling|Castling]] [[#kingside|kingside]]; in [[#notation|chess notation]]: 0-0.<ref name="Staunton 2014, p. 55">Staunton 2014, p. 55</ref> Also called ''short castling''.<ref name=H&W_1996_p71 />}}

{{term|term= casual game|content= casual game {{anchor|Casual game|casual games}} }}
{{defn|defn= See ''[[#friendly game|friendly game]]''.}}

{{term|term= category|content= category {{anchor|Category|categories|category of a tournament}} }}
{{defn|defn= The category of a tournament is a measure of its strength based on the average [[#Elo rating system|FIDE rating]] of the participants. The category is calculated by rounding up the number: (average rating&nbsp;−&nbsp;2250)&nbsp;÷&nbsp;25. So each category covers a 25-point rating range, starting with Category{{nbsp}}1 which spans ratings between 2251 and 2275. A Category 18 tournament has an average rating between 2676 and 2700.<ref>Hooper & Whyld 1996, p. 426</ref>}}

{{term|term= CC|content= CC {{anchor|CC}} }}
{{defn|defn= An abbreviation sometimes used for [[#correspondence chess|correspondence chess]] or for [[#chess club|chess club]].}}

{{Chess diagram small
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|rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd
|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
|  |  |  |xx|xx|  |  | 
|  |  |  |xx|xx|  |  | 
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl
|rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl
|The center squares are marked "<big>×</big>".
}}
{{term|term= center|content= center {{anchor|Center|centre}} }}
{{defn|defn= Or '''centre'''. The four squares in the middle of the [[#chessboard|board]].<ref name="S&S_p239">Seirawan & Silman 1994, p. 239</ref> See also ''[[#expanded center|expanded center]]''. Sometimes short for ''[[#pawn center|pawn center]]''. A king "in the center" can refer to an uncastled king on a [[#center file|center file]]. }}

{{term|term= center file|content= center file {{anchor|Center file|centre file|center files|centre files}} }}
{{defn|defn= Or '''centre file'''. The king's file (e-file) or queen's file (d-file).}}

{{term|term= center pawn|content= center pawn {{anchor|Center pawn|centre pawn|center pawns|centre pawns}} }}
{{defn|defn= Or '''centre pawn'''. A [[#pawn|pawn]] on the king's file (e-file) or queen's file (d-file).<ref>Hooper & Whyld 1996, p. 72</ref>}}

{{term|term= centipawn|content= centipawn {{anchor|Centipawn|centipawns}} }}
{{defn|defn= A unit of evaluation used by [[chess engines]], e.g. an evaluation of +1.32 is worth 20 centipawns more than an evaluation of +1.12. Historically a centipawn corresponded to a material value of 0.01 of a pawn; however, the strongest modern engines no longer rate pawns as worth 1.<ref>[[Stockfish (chess)|Stockfish]] source code [https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish/blob/master/src/types.h#L189-L193].</ref>{{better source needed|date=May 2024}}}}

{{term|term= central file|content= central file {{anchor|Central file|central files}} }}
{{defn|defn= See ''[[#center file|center file]]''.}}

{{term|term= centralization|content= [[Chess strategy#Control of the center|centralization]] {{anchor|Centralization|centralisation|centralized|centralizing}} }}
{{defn|defn= Moving a piece or pieces toward the center of the board, where they will not only [[#control of the center|control the center]], but also extend their influence to other areas. Pieces are best placed near the center of the board, because they increase their power and maneuverability. [[#knight|Knights]] in particular benefit from being centralized.<ref name="Silman 1999, p. 430">Silman 1999, p. 430</ref> Antonym: ''decentralization''.<ref name="H&W_p102">Hooper & Whyld 1996, p. 102</ref>}}

{{term|term= central pawn|content= central pawn {{anchor|Central pawn|central pawns}} }}
{{defn|defn= See ''[[#center pawn|center pawn]]''.}}

{{term|term= cheapo|content= cheapo {{anchor|Cheapo|cheapos}} }}
{{defn|defn= Slang for a primitive [[#trap|trap]], often set in the hope of [[#swindle|swindling]] a win or a draw from a lost position.<ref>Snyder 2007, p. 22</ref> Also called ''cheap shot''.}}

{{term|term= check|content= [[Check (chess)|check]] {{anchor|Check|checks|checked|checking}} }}
{{defn|defn= A direct attack on the [[#king|king]] by an enemy [[#man|man]]. The attacked king is said to be ''in check''. There are only three possible responses to a check: capturing the attacking piece, moving the king to an unattacked square, or [[#interpose|interposing]] a piece between the attacker and the king. In casual games a player usually announces "check"; however, this is not a requirement in tournament games.<ref>Staunton 2014, p. 48</ref>}}

{{term|term= checkmate|content= [[checkmate]] {{anchor|Checkmate|checkmates|checkmated|checkmating}} }}
{{defn|defn= Often shortened to '''mate'''. A position in which a player's [[#king|king]] is in [[#check|check]] and the player has no legal move (i.e. cannot move out of or escape the check). A player whose king is checkmated loses the game.<ref name="Staunton 2014, p. 53">Staunton 2014, p. 53</ref>}}

{{term|term= chess annotation|content= chess annotation {{anchor|Chess annotation|chess annotations}} }}
{{defn|defn= See ''[[#annotation|annotation]]''.}}

{{term|term= chess blindness|content=chess blindness {{anchor|Chess blindness}} }}
{{defn|defn=The failure of a player to see a good move or danger that should normally be considered obvious. The term was coined by [[Siegbert Tarrasch]]. Similar to [[#Kotov syndrome|Kotov syndrome]].<ref>Hooper & Whyld 1996, p. 210</ref>}}

{{term|term= chessboard|content= [[chessboard]] {{anchor|Chessboard|chessboards}} }}
{{defn|defn= The chequered board used in chess, consisting of 64 squares (eight rows by eight columns) arranged in two alternating colors, light and dark.<ref>Staunton 2014, p. 30</ref>}}

[[Image:Sah sahovska ura.png|thumb|210px|A chess clock]]

{{term|term= chess clock|content= [[chess clock]] {{anchor|Chess clock|chess clocks}} }}
{{defn|defn= A device made up of two adjacent clocks and buttons, keeping track of the total time each player takes for their moves. Immediately after moving, the player presses their button, which simultaneously stops their clock and starts their opponent's. The picture shown displays an analogue clock from which the term ''[[#flag fall|flag fall]]'' originates. Modern clocks are digital.<ref>Pandolfini 1996, p. 66</ref>}}

{{term|term= chess club|content= [[chess club]] {{anchor|Chess club|chess clubs}} }}
{{defn|defn= An in-person, local chess play organization.}}

{{term|term= chessmen|content= chessmen {{anchor|Chessmen|chessman}} }}
{{defn|defn= The movable figures placed on the board in a game of chess. Includes both [[#piece|pieces]] and [[#pawn|pawns]].<ref name="Staunton 2009, pp. 2–7">Staunton 2009, pp. 2–7</ref> Singular: ''chessman''.}}

{{term|term= chess notation|content= chess notation {{anchor|Chess notation|chess notations}} }}
{{defn|defn= See ''[[#notation|notation]]''.}}

{{term|term= chess opening|content= chess opening {{anchor|Chess opening|chess openings}} }}
{{defn|defn= See ''[[#opening|opening]]''.}}

{{term|term= chess problem|content= [[chess problem]] {{anchor|Chess problem|chess problems}} }}
{{defn|defn= Also called ''{{chessprobgloss|composition}}''.  A chess position created by the composer which presents the solver with a particular task; for example, "White mates in two" (i.e., White to move and [[#checkmate|checkmate]] Black in two moves against any possible defense).}}

[[File:ChessStartingPosition.jpg|thumb|210px|A wooden chess set and board]]

{{term|term= chess set|content= [[chess set]] {{anchor|Chess set|chess sets}} }}
{{defn|defn= The thirty-two [[#piece|pieces]] required for a game, plus a [[#chessboard|chessboard]].}}

{{term|term= chess variant|content= [[chess variant]] {{anchor|Chess variant|chess variants}} }}
{{defn|defn= A chess-like game played using a board, pieces, or rules different from standard chess.<ref name="Hochberg 2005, p. 13">Hochberg 2005, p. 13</ref>}}

{{term|term= Chess960|content= [[Chess960]] {{anchor|Chess960}} }}
{{defn|defn= Also known as ''Fischer Random Chess''. A [[#chess variant|variation of chess]] invented and advocated by [[Bobby Fischer]]. The pieces and pawns have their normal moves, but the setup of pieces on the [[#back rank|first rank]] is random, except that two rules must be followed: the king must be placed on a square between the rooks, and the bishops are placed on squares of opposite color. Black's pieces are placed opposite White's. Castling may be done; the special castling rules incorporate the normal castling in classic chess.{{refn|See section "II.3 Chess960 castling rules" under "Guidelines" in the FIDE Laws of Chess}}<ref name="FideLawsOfChess">{{Cite web |title=FIDE Laws of Chess taking effect from 1 January 2018 |url=https://handbook.fide.com/chapter/E012018 |access-date=12 July 2020 |website=FIDE}}</ref><ref>Gligorić 2002, p. 40</ref>}}

{{term|term= chop wood|content= chop wood {{anchor|Chop wood}} }}
{{defn|defn= Slang for [[#capture|capturing]] or [[#exchange|exchanging]] pieces.<ref name="Shibut 2012, p. 68">Shibut 2012, p. 68</ref> See also ''[[#wood|wood]]''.}}

{{term|term= classical|content= classical {{anchor|Classical}} }}
{{defn|no=1|defn= An [[#opening system|opening system]] geared towards forming a full [[#pawn center|pawn center]]. Classical ideas were challenged by [[#hypermodernism|hypermodern]] ideas.<ref name=S&S_p239 />}}
{{defn|no=2|defn= A game using a longer [[#time control|time control]] such as 40/2; the opposite of [[#fast chess|fast chess]] categories such as [[#rapid chess|rapid]], [[#blitz chess|blitz]] or [[#bullet chess|bullet]].<ref name="ReferenceA">United States Chess Federation 2003, p. 8</ref>}}

{{term|term= classical bishop sacrifice|content= classical bishop sacrifice {{anchor|Classical bishop sacrifice|classical bishop sacrifices}} }}
{{defn|defn= See ''[[#Greek gift sacrifice|Greek gift sacrifice]]''.}}

{{term|term= clearance|content= clearance {{anchor|Clearance}} }}
{{defn|defn=Removal of piece from a square, [[#rank|rank]], [[#file|file]] or [[#diagonal|diagonal]] so that another piece may use it. It often involves sacrificing the piece that blocked the position.<ref>Hertan 2014, p. 373</ref> See [[Clearance sacrifice]].}}

{{term|term= clock move|content= clock move {{anchor|Clock move}} }}
{{defn|defn= In a game played ''clock move'', a move is considered completed only after the clock is pressed. For example, one could touch a piece, then move a different piece—as long as the player has not pressed their clock button. This way of playing is uncommon but can be seen in [[#friendly game|casual games]] or [[#blitz chess|blitz]] games.<ref>Lawson 1992, pp. 25–26</ref>}}

{{term|term= clock time|content= clock time {{anchor|Clock time|clock times}} }}
{{defn|defn= Time (consumed or remaining) on the [[#chess clock|chess clock]], in a [[#tournament|tournament game]].<ref>Pandolfini 1992, p. 181</ref>}}

{{term|term= closed file|content= closed file {{anchor|Closed file|closed files}} }}
{{defn|defn= A [[#file|file]] on which White and Black each have a [[#pawn|pawn]].<ref>Seirawan & Silman 1994, p. 42</ref>}}

{{term|term= closed game|content= closed game {{anchor|Closed game|closed games|close game|close games|closed position|closed positions}} }}
{{defn|defn= Or '''close game'''. A closed game has few open lines ([[#file|files]] or [[#diagonal|diagonals]]). It is generally characterized by interlocking [[#pawn chain|pawn chains]], [[#cramped|cramped]] positions with few opportunities to [[#exchange|exchange]], and extensive maneuvering behind lines. Such a game may evolve and later become an ''[[#open game|open game]]''.<ref>Pandolfini 1996, p. 70</ref> See also ''[[#positional play|positional play]]''.}}

{{term|term= Closed Game|content= [[Closed Game]] {{anchor|Closed Game|Closed Games}} }}
{{defn|defn= A Closed Game is a particular [[#opening|opening]] that begins with the moves 1.d4 d5. It is also known as a ''Double Queen's Pawn Opening'' or ''Double Queen's Pawn Game''.<ref>de Firmian 1999, p. 389</ref> Cf. ''[[#Open Game|Open Game]]''. See also ''[[#Semi-Open Game|Semi-Open Game]]''.}}

{{term|term= closed tournament|content= closed tournament {{anchor|Closed tournament|closed tournaments}} }}
{{defn|defn= A [[#tournament|tournament]] in which only invited or qualifying players may participate. Also called ''invitational tournament''. Cf. ''[[#open tournament|open tournament]]''.}}

{{term|term= CM|content= CM {{anchor|CM|CMs}} }}
{{defn|defn= An abbreviation for the [[#Candidate Master|Candidate Master]] title.}}

{{Chess diagram small
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|rd|  |bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd
|pd|pd|pd|pd|  |pd|pd|pd
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |pd|  |  |
|  |  |bl|nd|pl|  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |nl|  |
|pl|pl|pl|pl|  |pl|pl|pl
|rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|  |  |rl
|The [[Blackburne Shilling Gambit]] (1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nd4?!), an example of coffeehouse play
}}
{{term|term= coffeehouse|content= coffeehouse {{anchor|Coffeehouse}} }}
{{defn|defn= Adjective used to describe a move, player, or style of play characterized by risky, positionally dubious play that sets traps for the opponent. The name comes from the notion that one would expect to see such play in [[#skittles|skittles]] games played in a coffeehouse or similar setting, particularly in games played for stakes or [[#blitz chess|blitz chess]]. The [[Blackburne Shilling Gambit]] is a typical example of coffeehouse play.<ref>Avni 2014, pp. 35–37</ref>}}

{{term|term= color|content= color {{anchor|Color|colour|colors|colours}} }}
{{defn|defn= Or '''colour'''. The white or black [[#piece|pieces]], and the white or black squares. The actual pieces and squares may be other colors, usually light and dark, but they are referred to as white and black.<ref name="Staunton 2009, pp. 2–7">Staunton 2009, pp. 2–7</ref> See [[White and Black in chess]].}}

{{term|term= colorbound|content= colorbound {{anchor|Colorbound|colourbound}} }}
{{defn|defn= Or '''colourbound'''. The property of a piece to access only squares of one color. In standard chess, each [[#bishop|bishop]] is colorbound to either the [[#white|white]] or [[#black|black]] squares.}}

{{term|term= colors reversed|content= colors reversed {{anchor|Colors reversed|colours reversed}} }}
{{defn|defn= Or '''colours reversed'''. ''With colors reversed'' refers to opening moves by White normally played by Black, or vice versa. An example is the [[King's Indian Attack]], where White's opening setup mirrors Black's setup in the [[King's Indian Defense]]. In such openings, White necessarily has an extra [[#tempo|tempo]] compared to Black. Also called a ''reverse opening''.<ref>Hooper & Whyld 1996, p. 339</ref>}}

{{term|term= combination|content= [[Combination (chess)|combination]] {{anchor|Combination|combinations}} }}
{{defn|defn= A sequence of moves, including [[#forced move|forced moves]], and often involving a [[#sacrifice|sacrifice]], to gain an advantage.<ref name=S&S_p239 />}}

{{term|term= compensation|content= [[Compensation (chess)|compensation]] {{anchor|Compensation|compensations}} }}
{{defn|defn= That which is gained in return for a loss – often a positional improvement in return for loss of [[#material|material]]. If material is [[#sacrifice|sacrificed]] there may be a gain in [[#development|development]], or if a minor piece is [[#exchange|exchanged]] for two or three pawns, the pawns would be the compensation.<ref>Pandolfini 1996, p. 72</ref>}}

{{term|term= computer move|content= computer move {{anchor|Computer move|computer moves}} }}
{{defn|defn= A move that seems likely to have been played by a [[Computer chess|computer]] rather than a human, either because the move seems counterintuitive, or to not make immediate sense, or to eventually make sense but not until deep into the game. Computer moves seem to be what they are: moves based on millions of brute-force calculations, and not on intuition, aesthetics, or emotion. A computer move would overlook a dramatic capture that might cause an opponent to immediately [[#resign|resign]], in favor of an obscure move that may turn out to be only slightly better. At one time the term was used disparagingly, but its meaning has evolved as computers have improved. It is occasionally used to suggest that a player has been assisted by computer.<ref>Rasskin-Gutman 2009, p. 99</ref><ref>Hertan 2014, p. 7</ref>}}

{{term|term= connected passed pawns|content= [[Passed pawn#Protected passed pawn|connected passed pawns]] {{anchor|Connected passed pawns|connected passed pawn}} }}
{{defn|defn= [[#passed pawn|Passed pawns]] on adjacent [[#file|files]]. These are considered to be unusually powerful (often worth a minor piece or rook if on the sixth rank or above and not properly blockaded) because they can advance together.<ref name=S&S_p239 /> See also ''[[#connected pawns|connected pawns]]''.}}

{{term|term= connected pawns|content= [[connected pawns]] {{anchor|Connected pawns|connected pawn}} }}
{{defn|defn= Refers to two or more [[#pawn|pawns]] of the same color on adjacent [[#file|files]].<ref name="Silman 1999, p. 430">Silman 1999, p. 430</ref> Cf. ''[[#isolated pawn|isolated pawns]]''.}}

{{term|term= connected rooks|content= connected rooks {{anchor|Connected rooks|connected rook|connect rooks|connecting rooks}} }}
{{defn|defn= Two [[#rook|rooks]] of the same color on the same [[#rank|rank]] or [[#file|file]] with no pawns or pieces between them. Connected rooks are usually desirable. Players often connect rooks on their own [[#home rank|first rank]] or along an [[#open file|open file]].<ref>Pandolfini 1989, p. 223</ref> See also ''[[#doubled rooks|doubled rooks]]''.}}

{{term|term= consolidation|content= consolidation {{anchor|Consolidation|consolidations|consolidate|consolidated|consolidating}} }}
{{defn|defn= The improvement of a player's position by the reposition of one or more pieces to better square(s), typically after a player's attack or [[#combination|combination]] has left their pieces in poor positions or [[#coordination|uncoordinated]].<ref>Pandolfini 1996, p. 76</ref>}}

{{term|term= consultation game|content= consultation game {{anchor|Consultation game|consultation games|consultation}} }}
{{defn|defn= A game in which two or more players consult with each other to jointly decide the moves for one side. Consultation games may also involve teams of two or more players playing on both sides.<ref>Hooper & Whyld 1992, p. 92</ref>}}

{{term|term= continuation|content= continuation {{anchor|Continuation|continuations}} }}
{{defn|defn= See ''[[#variation|variation]]''.}}

{{term|term= control |content= control {{anchor|Control|controlled|controlling}} }}
{{defn|defn= When a player's pawn, piece or pieces guard a square, or squares, or a file, or a rank in such a way that the territory can be advantageously used; and the opponent is prevented from using the territory.<ref>Borders 2007, p. 102</ref> Also, the player who has the [[#initiative|initiative]] has control.}}

{{term|term= control of the center|content= [[Chess strategy#Control of the center|control of the center]] {{anchor|Control of the center|control of the centre}} }}
{{defn|defn= Having one or more pieces that attack any of the four center squares; an important strategy, and one of the main aims of [[#opening|openings]].<ref>Seirawan & Silman 1994, pp. 44, 149</ref>}}

{{term|term= cook|content= cook {{anchor|Cook|cooks}} }}
{{defn|defn= In {{chessprobgloss|composition|chess problems}}, an unintended alternative solution, or a [[#refutation|refutation]].<ref>Hochberg 2005, p. 20</ref> See also {{seclink|Glossary of chess problems|cook}}.}}

{{term|term= coordination|content= coordination {{anchor|Coordination|coordinated|coordinating|uncoordinated}} }}
{{defn|defn= The quality of multiple pieces working together, mutually supporting and complementing one another.<ref>{{cite book |author-link=Artur Yusupov (chess player) |last=Yusupov |first=Artur |title=Boost Your Chess 1: The Fundamentals |year=2010 |publisher=Quality Chess |isbn=9781906552404 |page=218}}</ref>}}

{{term|term= corr.|content= corr. {{anchor|Corr.}} }}
{{defn|defn= An abbreviation for [[#correspondence chess|correspondence game]].}}

{{term|term= correspondence chess|content= [[correspondence chess]] {{anchor|Correspondence chess}} }}
{{defn|defn= Chess played at a long [[#time control|time control]] by long-distance correspondence. Traditionally correspondence chess was played though the post; today it is usually played over a [[correspondence chess server]] or by [[e-mail|email]]. Typically, one move is transmitted in every correspondence.<ref>Dunne 1991, p. 1</ref>}}

{{term|term= corresponding squares|content= [[corresponding squares]] {{anchor|Corresponding squares}} }}
{{defn|defn= Corresponding squares are pairs of squares such that when a king moves to one square, it forces the opponent's king to occupy the other square in order to hold the position. Corresponding squares usually occur in pawn [[#endgame|endgames]]. The theory of corresponding squares has developed to include complex calculations based on math-like formulas.<ref>Dvoretsky 2006, p. 15</ref> Also called ''related squares''. Cf. ''[[#opposition|opposition]]''.}}

{{term|term= counterattack|content= counterattack {{anchor|Counterattack|counterattacks}} }}
{{defn|defn= An [[#attack|attack]] that responds to an attack by the opponent.<ref>Pandolfini 2005, p. 125</ref>}}

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|rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd
|pd|pd|pd|  |  |pd|pd|pd
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |pd|pd|  |  |
|  |  |  |  |pl|pl|  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|pl|pl|pl|pl|  |  |pl|pl
|rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl
|The [[Falkbeer Countergambit]] (1.e4 e5 2.f4 d5), a gambit response to the [[King's Gambit]]
}}
{{term|term= countergambit|content= countergambit {{anchor|Countergambit|countergambits}} }}
{{defn|defn= A [[#gambit|gambit]] offered by [[#Black|Black]], for example the Greco Counter Gambit, usually called the [[Latvian Gambit]] today (1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 f5{{chesspunc|?!}}); the [[Albin Countergambit]] (1.d4 d5 2.c4 e5); and the [[Falkbeer Countergambit]] (1.e4 e5 2.f4 d5). An opening need not have "countergambit" in its name to be one, for instance the [[Benko Gambit]] (1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 b5); the [[Englund Gambit]] (1.d4 e5?!); the [[Budapest Gambit]] (1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e5); the [[Blackburne Shilling Gambit]] (1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nd4?!); and many lines of the [[Two Knights Defense]] (e.g. 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.Ng5 and now 4...Bc5{{chesspunc|!?}} [the Wilkes–Barre Variation or Traxler Counterattack]; 4...Nxe4?!; 4...d5 5.exd5 Na5 6.Bb5+ c6 [the [[#main line|main line]]]; 4...d5 5.exd5 Nd4 [the Fritz Variation]; and 4...d5 5.exd5 b5 [the Ulvestad Variation]) are all examples of countergambits.<ref>Pandolfini 1996, p. 78</ref>}}

{{term|term= counterplay|content= counterplay {{anchor|Counterplay}} }}
{{defn|defn= The defending side's own aggressive action.<ref name="Silman 1999, p. 431">Silman 1999, p. 431</ref>}}

{{term|term= country move|content= country move {{anchor|Country move|country moves}} }}
{{defn|defn= A disparaging term for a move considered unsophisticated, especially an unnecessary single-step advance of the [[#rook's pawn|rook's pawn]] in the [[#opening|opening]]. The term was popular in London in the late 19th century.<ref>Hooper & Whyld 1996, p. 96</ref>}}

{{term|term= cover|content= cover {{anchor|Cover|covered|convering}} }}
{{defn|defn= To protect a piece or control a square.}}

{{term|term= cramped|content= cramped {{anchor|Cramped|cramp|cramping}} }}
{{defn|defn= Having limited [[#mobility|mobility]] in a position.<ref>Pandolfini 1996, p. 79</ref>}}

{{term|term= critical position|content= critical position {{anchor|Critical position|critical positions}} }}
{{defn|defn=The moment in a game or [[#opening|opening]] when the evaluation shows that things are about to change, either towards an advantage for one player, or towards equality; a wrong move can be disastrous.<ref name="Silman 1999, p. 431">Silman 1999, p. 431</ref>}}

{{term|term= critical square|content= critical square {{anchor|Critical square|critical squares}} }}
{{defn|defn= See ''[[#key square|key square]]''.}}

{{term|term= cross-check|content= [[Cross-check (chess)|cross-check]] {{anchor|Cross-check|cross-checks}} }}
{{defn|defn= A cross-check is a [[#check|check]] played in reply to a check, especially when the original check is blocked by a piece that itself either delivers check or reveals a [[#discovered check|discovered check]] from another piece.<ref>Pandolfini 1996, p. 81</ref>}}

{{term|term= crosstable|content= crosstable {{anchor|Crosstable|crosstables}} }}
{{defn|defn= An arrangement of the results of every game in a [[#tournament|tournament]] in tabular form. The names of the players run down the left side of the table in numbered rows. The names may be listed in order of results, alphabetically, or in pairing order, but results order is most common. There may be one column for each successive round, or, in a [[#round-robin tournament|round-robin tournament]], there may be one column for each player, with the players in the same order in the columns as in the rows. For each player, the table cells on the player's row record the results of the player's games, using 1{{nbsp}}for a win, 0{{nbsp}}for a loss, and ½ for a draw. (In a double [[#round-robin tournament|round-robin tournament]] each cell contains two entries, as each pair of players plays two games alternating [[#White|White]] and [[#Black|Black]].)<ref>Lawson 1992, pp. 31–32, 53</ref> For examples see [[Hastings 1895 chess tournament]], [[Nottingham 1936 chess tournament]], and [[AVRO 1938 chess tournament|AVRO tournament]].}}

{{term|term= crush|content= crush {{anchor|Crush|crushes|crushed|crushing}} }}
{{defn|defn= Colloquial for a quick win, especially an overwhelming [[#Attack|attack]] versus poor defensive play. A crushing move is a decisive one.}}

{{glossary end}}