Editing Gliwice (section)

===Early history===
[[File:Gliwice, kościół św. Bartłomieja, widok od pd-zach. (2).JPG|thumb|left|Medieval [[Fortified church|fortified]] [[Old Saint Bartholomew church]], one of the oldest structures of Gliwice]]
Gliwice was first mentioned as a town in 1276, however, it was granted [[town rights]] earlier by Duke [[Władysław Opolski]] of the [[Piast dynasty]].<ref name=dzieje>{{cite web|url=https://gliwice.eu/miasto/o-gliwicach/dzieje-miasta|title=Dzieje miasta|website=Miasto Gliwice|author=Edward Wieczorek|access-date=15 March 2020|language=pl|archive-date=1 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801023849/https://gliwice.eu/miasto/o-gliwicach/dzieje-miasta|url-status=live}}</ref> It was located on a [[trade route]] connecting [[Kraków]] and [[Wrocław]] and was part of various [[Piast dynasty|Piast]]-ruled duchies of [[History of Poland during the Piast dynasty#Fragmentation of the realm (1138–1320)|fragmented Poland]]: [[Duchy of Opole|Opole]] until 1281, [[Duchy of Bytom|Bytom]] until 1322, from 1322 to 1342 Gliwice was a capital of an eponymous duchy, afterwards again part of the Duchy of Bytom until 1354, later it was also ruled by other regional Polish Piast dukes until 1532,<ref name=dzieje/> although in 1335 it fell under the suzerainty of the [[Lands of the Bohemian Crown|Bohemian Crown]], passing with that crown under suzerainty of the [[Austria]]n [[Habsburg]]s in 1526.

According to 14th-century writers, the town seemed defensive in character, when under rule of [[Siemowit of Bytom]].<ref name = history>{{Cite web |url=http://www.um.gliwice.pl/index.php?id=123%2F1 |title=Official website of Gliwice - Dzieje miasta |access-date=2019-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071211/http://www.um.gliwice.pl/index.php?id=123%2F1 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the [[Middle Ages]] the city prospered mainly due to trade and crafts, especially [[brewing]].<ref name=dzieje/>

On 17 April 1433, Gliwice was captured by the [[Duchy of Głogówek and Prudnik|Duke]] [[Bolko V the Hussite|Bolko V]], who joined the [[Hussites]] after they captured [[Prudnik]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dominiak|first=Wojciech|title=Prudnik w średniowieczu: studia nad początkami miasta|publisher=Muzeum Ziemi Prudnickiej|year=2016|isbn=978-83-63260-62-0|location=Prudnik}}</ref>