Editing Glastonbury (section)

===Middle Ages===
The name Glastonbury is derived from {{langx|ang|Glæstyngabyrig}}.<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Glastonbury |volume=12 |page=113 }}</ref> When the settlement is first recorded in the 7th and the early 8th century, it was called ''Glestingaburg''.<ref name="gray">{{cite journal |doi=10.2307/2848235 |last=Gray |first=Louis H. |title=The origin of the name of Glastonbury |journal=Speculum |date=January 1935 |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=46–53 |jstor=2848235 |s2cid=163603868 }}</ref> The ''burg'' element is [[Old English]] and could refer either to a fortified place such as a [[burh]] or, more likely, a monastic enclosure; however the ''[[Glestinga]]'' element is obscure, and may derive from a [[Celtic onomastics|Celtic personal name]] or from Old English (either from a [[Germanic name|name]] or otherwise).<ref name="gathercole">{{cite web |url=http://www1.somerset.gov.uk/archives/hes/downloads/Somerset_EUS_Glastonbury.pdf |title=Glastonbury |last=Gathercole |first=Clare |work=Somerset Urban Archaeological Survey |publisher=Somerset County Council |access-date=14 September 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029202307/http://www1.somerset.gov.uk/archives/hes/downloads/Somerset_EUS_Glastonbury.pdf |archive-date=29 October 2013 }}</ref><ref name=LHG>{{cite book |last=Gray |first=Louis H. |title=Speculum, Vol. 10, No. 1: The Origin of the Name of Glastonbury |pages=46–53 |year=1935 |publisher=Medieval Academy of America }}</ref> It may derive from a person or [[kinship|kindred]] group named Glast.<ref name=LHG/>
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[[File:Summit of glastonbury tor.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Remains of St Michael's Church at the summit of [[Glastonbury Tor]]]]

Hugh Ross Williamson cites a tale about St. Collen, one of the earliest hermits to inhabit the Tor before the Abbey was built by St. Patrick, which has the Saint summoned by the King of the Fairies, Gwyn, to the summit of the Tor. Upon arrival there he beholds a hovering mansion inhabited by handsomely dressed courtiers and King Gwyn on a throne of gold; holy water disperses the apparition. This is from Druid mythology, in which the mansion is ''made of glass'' so as to receive the spirits of the dead, which were supposed to depart from the summit of the Tor. This was the chief reason why the chapel, and later the church, of St. Michael were built on the high hill; [[Michael (archangel)|St. Michael]] being the chief patron against diabolic attacks which the monks believed the Fairy King to be numbered among. Accordingly, Williamson posits that the Tor was named after the glassy mansion of the dead.<ref>Hugh Ross Williamson ''The Flowering Hawthorn'', Neumann Press 1962</ref>

[[William of Malmesbury]] in his ''De Antiquitate Glastonie Ecclesie'' gives the Old Welsh''Ineswitrin'' (or ''Ynys Witrin'') as its earliest name,<ref name="LHG" /> and asserts that the founder of the town was the eponymous Glast, a descendant of [[Cunedda]].<ref name="gray" />

[[Centwine of Wessex|Centwine]] (676–685) was the first Saxon patron of [[Glastonbury Abbey]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Godden |first=Malcolm |title=Anglo-Saxon England |year=2008 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-88343-6 |page=51 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i3s1Q4XXIF8C&q=Centwine%20Glastonbury&pg=PA51 |author2=Simon Keynes |access-date=22 August 2010 |archive-date=26 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126035741/https://books.google.com/books?id=i3s1Q4XXIF8C&q=Centwine%20Glastonbury&pg=PA51 |url-status=live }}</ref> King [[Edmund Ironside]] was buried at the abbey.<ref>{{cite web |title=Edmund II Ironside |url=http://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/saxon_15.htm |publisher=English Monarchs |access-date=5 July 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100922165148/http://englishmonarchs.co.uk/saxon_15.htm |archive-date=22 September 2010 }}</ref> The [[Domesday Book]] of 1086 indicates that in the [[Hundred (county division)|hundred]] of [[Glaston Twelve Hides|''Glastingberiensis'']], the Abbey was the Lord in 1066 prior to the arrival of [[William the Conqueror]], then tenant-in chief with Godwin as Lord of ''Glastingberi'' in 1086.<ref>[http://opendomesday.org/place/ST5038/glastonbury/ Open Domesday online: Glastonbury] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617022727/http://opendomesday.org/place/ST5038/glastonbury/ |date=17 June 2016 }}</ref>

To the southwest of the town centre is Beckery, which was once a village in its own right but is now part of the suburbs. Around the 7th and 8th centuries it was occupied by a small [[Monastery|monastic community]] associated with a cemetery.<ref>{{cite book |chapter=Water and wetlands in medieval estate management: Glastonbury Abbey, Meare and the Somerset Levels in South West England |first=Stephen |last=Rippon |year=2005 |title=Ruralia V: proceedings of an international conference, 26 September to 3 October 2003 |editor-first=J. |editor-last=Klapst |publisher=Památky archeologickeq |chapter-url=https://ore.exeter.ac.uk/repository/bitstream/handle/10036/23912/water%20and%20wetlands.PDF |pages=95–112 |access-date=10 October 2019 |archive-date=1 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801023723/https://ore.exeter.ac.uk/repository/bitstream/handle/10036/23912/water%20and%20wetlands.PDF |url-status=live}} {{open access }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Anglo-Saxon Glastonbury: Church and Endowment |last=Abrams |first=Lesley |year=1996 |publisher=Boydell & Brewer |isbn=978-0-85115-369-8 |page=56 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dbuMaZ3JRPwC |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228163400/https://books.google.com/books?id=dbuMaZ3JRPwC |archive-date=28 December 2017 }}</ref> Archaeological excavations in 2016 uncovered 50 to 60 skeletons thought to be those of monks from Beckery Chapel during the 5th or early 6th century.<ref>{{cite news |title=Beckery Chapel near Glastonbury 'earliest known UK monastic life' |work=[[BBC News]] |date=5 December 2016 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-somerset-38187299 |access-date=5 December 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161205012237/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-somerset-38187299 |archive-date=5 December 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Beckery Chapel, Glastonbury |url=http://www.swheritage.org.uk/beckery-chapel |publisher=South West Heritage Trust |access-date=5 December 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224100943/http://www.swheritage.org.uk/beckery-chapel |archive-date=24 December 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Beckery Monastery and Chapel |date=26 May 2016 |url=https://avalon-archaeology.com/about/archaeology-projects/beckery-monastery-and-chapel/ |publisher=Avalon Marshes Hands on Heritage |access-date=5 December 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228163400/https://avalon-archaeology.com/about/archaeology-projects/beckery-monastery-and-chapel/ |archive-date=28 December 2017 }}</ref>
[[File:Glastonbury_Magdalene_Chapel.jpg|left|thumb|269x269px|Magdalene Chapel]]

Sharpham Park was granted by [[Eadwig of England|King Eadwig]] to the then abbot [[Æthelwold of Wessex|Æthelwold]] in 957. In 1191 Sharpham Park was gifted by the soon-to-be [[John of England|King John I]] to the Abbots of Glastonbury, who remained in possession of the park and house until the [[dissolution of the monasteries]] in 1539. From 1539 to 1707 the park was owned by the [[Duke of Somerset]], Sir [[Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset|Edward Seymour]], brother of [[Jane Seymour|Queen Jane]]; the [[Thomas Thynne, 1st Marquess of Bath|Thynne]] family of [[Longleat]], and the family of Sir Henry Gould. [[Edward Dyer]] was born here in 1543. The house is now a private residence and Grade II* [[listed building]].<ref>{{NHLE |desc=Abbots Sharpham and Sharpham Park Farmhouse |num=1345069 |access-date=25 November 2006 }}</ref> It was the birthplace of Sir [[Edward Dyer]] (died 1607) an [[Elizabethan era|Elizabethan]] poet and courtier, the writer [[Henry Fielding]] (1707–54), and the cleric [[William Gould (naturalist)|William Gould]].
[[File:St Mary Magdalenes Almshouses (geograph 3257133).jpg|thumb|[[Hospital of St Mary Magdalene, Glastonbury|Hospital of St Mary Magdalene]]]]

In the 1070s [[Hospital of St Mary Magdalene, Glastonbury|St Margaret's Chapel]] was built on Magdelene Street, originally as a hospital and later as almshouses for the poor. The building dates from 1444.<ref>{{cite web |title=St Margaret's Chapel |url=http://www.stmargaretschapel.org/home.html |publisher=St Margaret's Chapel |access-date=5 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619012648/http://www.stmargaretschapel.org/home.html |archive-date=19 June 2010 }}</ref> The roof of the hall is thought to have been removed after the Dissolution, and some of the building was demolished in the 1960s. It is Grade II* [[listed building|listed]],<ref>{{NHLE|desc=Almshouses and Chapel of St Mary Magdalene's Hospital|num=1057909|access-date=5 July 2010 }}</ref> and a [[scheduled monument]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Hospital of St Mary, Chapel and Men's Almshouses, Magdalene Street, Glastonbury |url=http://www.somersetheritage.org.uk/record/23575 |work=Somerset Historic Environment Record |publisher=Somerset County Council |access-date=5 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003092817/http://www.somersetheritage.org.uk/record/23575 |archive-date=3 October 2016 }}</ref> Hospital of St Mary Magdalene, Glastonbury in 2010 plans were announced to restore the building.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Adler |first=Mark |title=Icon John and the refuge from "The madding World". |journal=[[Mendip Times]] |date=October 2010 |volume=6 |issue=5 |pages=65 }}</ref>

During the Middle Ages the town largely depended on the abbey but was also a centre for the wool trade until the 18th century. A [[Glastonbury Canal (medieval)|Saxon-era canal]] connected the abbey to the River Brue.<ref name="gathercole" /> [[Richard Whiting (the Blessed Richard Whiting)|Richard Whiting]], the last Abbot of Glastonbury, was executed with two of his monks on 15 November 1539 during the [[Dissolution of the Monasteries]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.geocities.com/ophiuchvs2000/RememberRichardWhiting.pdf |title=Remember Richard Whiting |last=Cousins |first=J.F. |year=2007 |access-date=18 August 2009 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5knuSr1Fe?url=http://www.geocities.com/ophiuchvs2000/RememberRichardWhiting.pdf |archive-date=26 October 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

During the [[Second Cornish Uprising of 1497]] [[Perkin Warbeck]] surrendered when he heard that [[Giles Daubeny, 8th Baron Daubeny|Giles, Lord Daubeney's]] troops, loyal to [[Henry VII of England|Henry VII]], were camped at Glastonbury.<ref>{{cite DNB |wstitle=Warbeck, Perkin |volume=59 }}</ref>