Editing Gift (section)

=== Medieval ===
In the 760s, [[Bregowin]] ([[archbishop of Canterbury]]) gave a [[bone casket]] to [[Lul (bishop)|Lul]] (the [[bishop of Mainz]]).<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Wilson Clay |first=John-Henry |date=2009-12-01 |title=Gift-giving and books in the letters of St Boniface and Lul |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1016/j.jmedhist.2009.08.004 |journal=[[Journal of Medieval History]] |volume=35 |issue=4 |pages=313–325 |doi=10.1016/j.jmedhist.2009.08.004 |issn=0304-4181}}</ref> This was the only known instance of gift-giving between 8th-century missionaries.<ref name=":4" />

Donations to [[monasteries]] in [[medieval Europe]] peaked between the 9th and 12th centuries.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Silber |first=Ilana F. |date=1995 |title=Gift-giving in the great traditions: the case of donations to monasteries in the medieval West |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23997785 |journal=European Journal of Sociology / Archives Européennes de Sociologie / Europäisches Archiv für Soziologie |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=209–243 |doi=10.1017/S0003975600007542 |jstor=23997785 |issn=0003-9756}}</ref> Eventually, people began to explain this by claiming that monks or other holy people contributed disproportionately to a "[[treasure of merit]]".<ref name=":5" />

In sixteenth and seventeenth century France, gift-giving was often [[patronage]] in disguise.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last=KETTERING |first=SHARON |date=1988-06-01 |title=Gift-Giving and Patronage in Early Modern France |url=https://academic.oup.com/fh/article-abstract/2/2/131/638758?redirectedFrom=fulltext |journal=French History |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=131–151 |doi=10.1093/fh/2.2.131 |issn=0269-1191}}</ref>{{Rp|page=131}} This was hidden by terms like [[wikt:grâces|grâces]], [[wikt:bonté|bonté]], and [[wikt:bienveillance|bienveillance]].<ref name=":6" />{{Rp|page=137}} Sometimes actual gifts were given with [[patron-client letters]]. These often included money, [[hunting birds]], food, and cloth,<ref name=":6" />{{Rp|pages=138–139}} and occasionally messengers as well.<ref name=":6" />{{Rp|page=140}}