Editing Ghetto (section)

=== Jewish ghettos ===
{{Main|Jewish ghettos in Europe|Jewish quarter (diaspora)|Jewish emancipation}}
[[File:Frankfurt-Judengasse-1628-MkII.png|thumb|Plan of [[Jewish quarter (diaspora)|Jewish ghetto]], [[Frankfurt]], 1628]]
[[File:Frankfurt Am Main-Fay-BADAFAMNDN-Heft 21-Nr 245-1904-Die Judengasse Suedseite.jpg|thumb|Demolition of the Jewish ghetto, Frankfurt, 1868]]
The character of ghettos has varied through times. The term was used for an area known as the Jewish quarter, which meant the area of a city traditionally inhabited by Jews in the [[Jewish diaspora|diaspora]]. Jewish quarters, like the Jewish ghettos in Europe, were often the outgrowths of [[Geographical segregation|segregated]] ghettos instituted by the surrounding authorities. A Yiddish term for a Jewish quarter or neighborhood is ''Di yidishe gas'' ({{Langx|yi|די ייִדישע גאַס}}), or 'The Jewish street'. Many [[Europe]]an and [[Middle East]]ern cities once had a historical Jewish quarter.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}

Jewish ghettos in Christian Europe existed because of majority discrimination against Jews on the basis of religion, language and dated views on race: They were considered outsiders. As a result, Jews were placed under strict regulations throughout many European cities.<ref name="Pearson">[http://kpearson.faculty.tcnj.edu/Dictionary/ghetto.htm GHETTO] Kim Pearson {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090224090832/http://kpearson.faculty.tcnj.edu/Dictionary/ghetto.htm |date=February 24, 2009}}</ref>

In some cases, the ghetto was a Jewish quarter with a relatively affluent population (for instance the Jewish ghetto in Venice). In other cases, ghettos were places of terrible poverty. During periods of population growth, ghettos (as [[Roman Ghetto|that of Rome]]) had narrow streets and tall, crowded houses. Residents generally were allowed to administer their own justice system based on Jewish traditions and elders.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}

==== Nazi-occupied Europe ====
{{Main|Jewish ghettos established by Nazi Germany}}
[[File:Stroop Report - Warsaw Ghetto Uprising BW.jpg|thumb|link=Warsaw Ghetto boy|Liquidation of the [[Warsaw Ghetto]], 1943]]
During [[World War II]], the [[Nazism|Nazis]] established new ghettos in numerous cities of Eastern Europe as a form of [[concentration camp]] to confine Jews and [[Romani people|Romani]] into limited areas. The Nazis most often referred to these areas in documents and signage at their entrances as "Jewish quarter." These Nazi camps sometimes coincided with traditional Jewish ghettos and Jewish quarters, but not always. On June 21, 1943, [[Heinrich Himmler]] issued a decree ordering the dissolution of all ''Jüdische Wohnbezirke''/ghettos in the East and their transference to [[Nazi concentration camps]] or their extermination.<ref>[[Yitzhak Arad|Arad]], [[Yitzhak Arad|Yitzhak]]. ''Ghetto in Flames''. pp. 436–37.</ref>

The Nazi ghettos were an essentially different institution than the historical ghettos of European society. The historical ghettos were places where Jews lived for many generations and created their own culture {{snd}}even if they were under social and political conditions of segregation and discrimination. The Nazi ghettos were part of [[The Final Solution]]; they were intended as a transitional stage{{snd}}first confine each city's Jews in one easily accessible and controllable location, then "liquidate" the ghetto and send the Jews to an extermination camp. Most Nazi ghettos were liquidated in 1943; some, such as that of [[Łódź Ghetto|Łódź]], persisted until 1944; very few, e.g. the [[Budapest Ghetto]] and the [[Theresienstadt Ghetto]], existed until the end of the war in 1945.