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German battleship Bismarck
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===Armament and armour=== ''Bismarck'' was armed with a [[main battery]] of eight [[38 cm SK C/34 naval gun|{{convert|38|cm|in|abbr=on}} SK C/34 guns]] arranged in four twin [[gun turret]]s: two [[superfire|super-firing]] turrets forward—"Anton" and "Bruno"—and two aft—"Caesar" and "Dora".{{efn|SK stands for ''Schiffskanone'' (ship's gun), C/34 stands for ''Construktionsjahr'' (design year) 1934, and L/52 denotes the ''Länge'' (length) of the gun in terms of [[Caliber (artillery)|calibres]], meaning that the length of the gun barrel is 52 times greater than the caliber (internal diameter) of the gun barrel.{{sfn|Campbell |1985|p=219}}}} [[Secondary armament]] consisted of twelve [[15 cm SK C/28|{{convert|15|cm|abbr=on}} L/55]] guns.{{sfn|Gröner|p=35}} The main-battery and secondary guns were aimed from three [[Fire-control system|fire-control director]] stations, using [[mechanical computer]]s to plot target distances and courses and to calculate angles for the guns. On top of each fire-control station a [[rangefinder]] was mounted in a rotating cupola, a FuMO 23 [[Seetakt]] radar set was installed by March 1941 on the front of all three cupolas.{{sfn|Müllenheim-Rechberg|1980a|pp=25-26}}{{sfn|Garzke|Dulin|Jurens|2019|pp=34–37}} The heavy anti-aircraft armament consisted of sixteen [[10.5 cm FlaK 38|{{convert|10.5|cm|in|abbr=on}} C/33]] guns in eight twin mountings.{{sfn|Gröner|p=35}} The forward two pairs of gun mountings were of the old C/31 type whilst the aft two pairs were of the newer C/37 type.{{Sfn|Stehr|Breyer|1999|p=27}} The middle and light anti-aircraft armament consisted of sixteen [[3.7 cm SK C/30|{{convert|3.7|cm|in|abbr=on}} C/30]], and initially twelve [[2 cm Flak 30/38/Flakvierling|{{convert|2|cm|in|abbr=on}}]] C/30 anti-aircraft guns.{{sfn|Gröner|p=35}} In April 1941 two of the single 2 cm guns mounted on the searchlight platform on the foretop were replaced by two quadruple 2 cm C/38 guns.{{Sfn|Draminski|p=23}} Anti-aircraft fire control for the 10.5 cm guns was provided by four [[Stabilisierter Leitstand|stabilized SL-8 directors]],{{sfn|Garzke|Dulin|Jurens|2019|p=40}}{{Sfn|Stehr|Breyer|1999|p=27}} though the 3.7 and 2 cm guns were only given portable rangefinders.{{sfn|Draminski|p=24}} The ship's [[belt armour|main belt]] was {{convert|320|mm|in|sigfig=3|abbr=on}} thick and was covered by a pair of upper and main armoured decks that were {{convert|50|mm|abbr=on|0}} and {{convert|100|to|120|mm|abbr=on}} thick, respectively. The {{convert|38|cm|abbr=on}} turrets were protected by {{convert|360|mm|abbr=on|1}} thick faces and {{convert|220|mm|abbr=on}} thick sides.{{sfn|Gröner|p=33}}
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