Editing George Gilbert Scott (section)

===Gothic Revival===
[[File:Nikolaikirche Hamburg Entwurf.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|[[St. Nicholas' Church, Hamburg|Nikolaikirche, Hamburg]], [[Germany]] (1845–80), bombed during [[World War II]] and now a ruin]]
Meanwhile, he was inspired by [[Augustus Pugin]] to participate in the [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]].<ref name="Bayley 1983, p. 43"/> While still in partnership with Moffat.<ref>Hitchcock 1977, p. 152</ref> he designed the [[Martyrs' Memorial]] on [[St Giles', Oxford]] (1841),<ref>Eastlake 1872, p. 219</ref> and [[St Giles' Church, Camberwell]] (1844), both of which helped establish his reputation within the movement.

Commemorating three Protestants burnt during the reign of [[Mary I of England|Queen Mary]], the Martyrs' Memorial was intended as a rebuke to those very [[high church]] tendencies which had been instrumental in promoting the new authentic approach to Gothic architecture.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wBYNAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA56|page=56|title=Oxford Studies in the History of a University Town Since 1800|first=R. C.|last=Whiting|publisher=Manchester University Press|year=1993|isbn=9780719030574}} The terms of the commission had stipulated that it should be based on the [[Waltham Cross#The Eleanor Cross|Eleanor Cross]] at Waltham</ref> St Giles' was in plan, with its long chancel, of the type advocated by the [[Ecclesiological Society]]: [[Charles Locke Eastlake]] said that "in the neighbourhood of London no church of its time was considered in purer style or more orthodox in its arrangement".<ref>Eastlake 1872, p. 220</ref> It did, however, like many churches of the time, incorporate wooden galleries, not used in medieval churches<ref name="Eastlake 1872, p. 221">Eastlake 1872, p. 221</ref> and highly disapproved of by the high church ecclesiological movement.

In 1844 he received the commission to rebuild the [[St. Nicholas' Church, Hamburg|Nikolaikirche]] in Hamburg (completed 1863), following an international competition.<ref name="Hitchcock 1977, p. 153">Hitchcock 1977, p. 153</ref> Scott's design had originally been placed third in the competition, the winner being one in a Florentine inspired style by [[Gottfried Semper]], but the decision was overturned by a faction who favoured a Gothic design.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iK7ld8-oYswC&pg=PA132|title=Modern Architectural Theory: A Historical Survey, 1673–1968|first=Harry Francis|last= Mallgrave|publisher	=Cambridge University Press|year=2005|isbn=9780521793063}}</ref> Scott's entry had been the only design in the Gothic style.<ref name="Bayley 1983, p. 43"/>

In 1854 he remodelled the Camden Chapel in [[Camberwell]], a project in which the critic [[John Ruskin]] took a close interest and made many suggestions.  He added an apse, in a Byzantine style, integrating it to the existing plain structure by substituting a [[Barrel vault|waggon roof]] for the existing flat ceiling.<ref>{{cite book|title=Y parish of Camberwell. A brief account of the parish of Camberwell, its history and antiquities|first=William Harnett|last= Blanch|publisher=G.W. Allen|year=1875|url=https://archive.org/details/yparishofcamerwe00blanuoft}}</ref>

Scott was appointed [[Surveyor of the Fabric of Westminster Abbey|architect to Westminster Abbey]] in 1849, and in 1853 he built a Gothic terraced block adjoining the abbey in Broad Sanctuary.  In 1858 he designed [[ChristChurch Cathedral]], Christchurch, New Zealand which now lies partly ruined following the [[2011 Christchurch earthquake|earthquake in 2011]] and subsequent attempts by the Anglican Church authorities to demolish it. Demolition was blocked after appeals by the people of Christchurch, and in September 2017 the Christchurch [[Diocesan Synod]] announced that the cathedral would be reinstated.<ref>{{cite web|title=Media Releases|url=http://cathedralconversations.co.nz/media-releases/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615222540/http://cathedralconversations.co.nz/media-releases/|archive-date=15 June 2020|website=Cathedral Conversations|publisher=Anglican Diocese of Christchurch}}</ref>

The choir stalls at [[Lancing College]] in Sussex, which Scott designed with Walter Tower, were among many examples of his work that incorporated [[green man|green men]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Hayman |first=Richard |date=April 2010 |title=Ballad of the Green Man |journal=[[History Today]] |volume=60 |issue=4 }}</ref>

Later, Scott went beyond copying mediaeval English gothic for his ''Victorian Gothic'' or ''Gothic Revival'' buildings, and began to introduce features from other styles and European countries as evidenced in his Midland red-brick construction, the Midland Grand Hotel at London's St Pancras Station, from which approach Scott believed a new style might emerge.

[[File:Catherine Parr's tomb in St Mary's Chapel, Sudeley Castle (5063).jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|Tomb of [[Catherine Parr]], designed by Gilbert Scott]]
In 1863, after restoration of the chapel at [[Sudeley Castle]], the remains of Queen [[Catherine Parr]] were placed in a new neo-Gothic canopied tomb designed by Gilbert Scott<ref>{{cite book |last=Tomaini |first=Thea |date=2017 |title=The Corpse as Text: Disinterment and Antiquarian Enquiry, 1700-1900 |location=Gloucestershire |publisher=Boydell & Brewer |page=152 |isbn=9781782049517 }}</ref> and created by sculptor [[John Birnie Philip]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Murray |first=John |date=1872 |title=A Handbook for Travellers in Gloucestershire, Worcestershire, and Herefordshire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XLaMuyFN-bQC&pg=PA163 |location=Gloucestershire |publisher= |page=163 |isbn= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://royalcentral.co.uk/features/the-english-queen-buried-amidst-a-castle-garden-154737/ |title=The English queen buried amidst a castle garden |date=15 January 2021 |work=Royal Centre |access-date=7 March 2021 |quote=a new tomb, carved by John Birnie Philip, and featuring a full-length [[tomb effigy]] of her. Her crest along with those of her four husbands are on the tomb while on the wall next to it is a plaque commemorating the words found on her coffin.}}</ref>

Between 1864 and 1876, the [[Albert Memorial]], designed by Scott, was constructed in [[Hyde Park, London|Hyde Park]]. It was a commission on behalf of [[Queen Victoria]] in memory of her husband, [[Albert, Prince Consort|Prince Albert]].

Scott advocated the use of Gothic architecture for secular buildings, rejecting what he called "the absurd supposition that Gothic architecture is exclusively and intrinsically ecclesiastical."<ref name="Eastlake 1872, p. 221"/> He was the winner of a competition to design new buildings in [[Whitehall]] to house the Foreign Office and War Office. Before work began, however, the administration which had approved his plans went out of office. Palmerston, the new Prime Minister, objected to Scott's use of the Gothic, and the architect – after some resistance – drew up new plans in a more acceptable style.<ref>Eastlake 1872, pp. 311– 2</ref>

Scott designed the memorial to [[Thomas Clarkson]] in [[Wisbech]], where his brother Rev John Scott was vicar. The [[Clarkson Memorial]] was completed after his death under the direction of his son John in 1881.<ref>{{cite news|title= Wisbech and the Slave Emancipator|newspaper= Thetford & Watton Times and People's Weekly Journal |date= 12 November 1881|page= 6}}</ref>