Editing Geography of Peru (section)

== Urbanization ==
The most populated city in the country is [[Lima]], the capital of Peru. Lima's metropolitan area has a population of over 10 million. The country's second and third largest cities, [[Callao]] and [[Arequipa]], have around 1.3 and 1.2 million people, respectively. Peru's developed urban cities are found in coastal regions and to the north. There are 32.1 million people who live in Peru.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.populationpyramid.net/peru/2017/|title=Population Pyramids of the World from 1950 to 2100|website=PopulationPyramid.net|language=en|access-date=2018-11-03}}</ref> The percentage of urbanization in Peru is 79.2%, and holds a yearly increase of 1.57%.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indexmundi.com/peru/urbanization.html|title=Peru Urbanization - Demographics|website=www.indexmundi.com|access-date=3 November 2018}}</ref> Lima forms part of the [[largest cities in the Americas]], and holds 31.7% of the country's population.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.newperuvian.com/major-cities-in-peru/|title=Major Cities in Peru: The Largest and the Most Popular {{!}} New Peruvian|date=21 December 2017|work=New Peruvian|access-date=2018-11-02|language=en-US}}</ref> The dense concentration of the population size of Peru is 25 people/km<sup>2</sup> or 57/mi<sup>2</sup>.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/peru-population/|title=Peru Population 2018 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs)|website=worldpopulationreview.com|access-date=2018-11-20}}</ref> Lima is a pull factor that draws millions of Peruvians from the suburbs to the capital. This urban inland migration is the result of sprawling around Lima. These sprawling places are known as “Pueblos Jóvenes”. The young towns and Lima make up the metropolitan area that extend {{convert|125|mi|km|order=flip|sigfig=1|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/17167/growing-pains-urbanization-and-governance-in-peru|title=Growing Pains: Urbanization and Governance in Peru|website=www.worldpoliticsreview.com|language=en|access-date=2018-11-20}}</ref>

The urban growth brings issues to the metropolitan area and the environment. Lima is the most polluted city in Latin America.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.peruviantimes.com/08/world-health-organization-says-lima-has-worst-air-pollution-in-latam/22119/|title=World Health Organization Says Lima has Worst Air Pollution in LatAm|access-date=2018-11-20|language=en-US}}</ref> The overcrowding and growth of urbanization has caused Peruvians to use its green spaces for garbage disposal. This leads to the pollution of the river [[Rímac River|Rimac]] that supplies water to the metropolitan area.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249962354|title=Water Contamination and its Impact on Vegetable Production in the Rimac River, Peru}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Cueto |first1=Marcos |title=The Return of Epidemics : Health and Society in Peru During the Twentieth Century. |date=2001 |publisher=Taylor and Francis |location=Florence |isbn=9781351882897 |page=108 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RTErDwAAQBAJ |access-date=4 June 2022}}</ref>

The rise of urbanization forgets the historic sites, ruins or “[[huaca]]s”, which are being replaced for buildings, roads, etc. Lima is home of 400 sites of 46,000 in the country, the country itself only preserves 1%.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://durangoherald.com/articles/197911|title=Ruins at risk: Peru's urban growth threatens to erase pre-colonial sites|work=Durango Herald|access-date=2018-11-08|language=en|archive-date=2018-11-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128122739/https://durangoherald.com/articles/197911|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Approximately 1.3 million [[Venezuelans]] have emigrated to Peru in search of residency.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-politics/bolsonaros-economic-guru-urges-quick-brazil-pension-reform-idUSKCN1N41EB|title=Bolsonaro's economic guru urges quick Brazil pension reform|last=Gaier|first=Rodrigo Viga|work=U.S.|access-date=2018-11-08|language=en-US}}</ref> This [[international migration]] is caused by various social, environmental and economic crises in their home country. This push factor migration has brought to Peru sustenance problems like instability and food shortage.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-latin-america-45309049/venezuela-crisis-migrants-dash-to-cross-peru-border|title=Venezuelans dash to cross Peru border|work=BBC News |language=en|access-date=2018-11-08}}</ref>