Editing Geography of Papua New Guinea (section)

==Climate==
[[File:Share_Of_Forest_Area_In_Total_Land_Area,_Top_Countries_(2021).svg|thumb|330x330px|Share of forest area in total land area, top countries (2021). Papua New Guinea has the eighth highest percentage of forest cover in the world.]]
[[Tropical]]; northwest [[monsoon]] (December to March), southeast monsoon (May to October); slight seasonal temperature variation. In lower altitudes, the temperature is around 80&nbsp;°F (27&nbsp;°C) year round. But higher altitudes are a constant 70&nbsp;°F (21&nbsp;°C),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Papua New Guinea - Climate|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Papua-New-Guinea|access-date=2021-10-08|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref> and the highest altitudes, especially of [[Mount Wilhelm]] and [[Mount Giluwe]], can see snow.<ref>https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/132966/1/BG_04.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref>

[[Climate change]] is expected to alter the temperature and precipitation of the country, with implications for [[Wildlife of Papua New Guinea|wildlife]], ecosystems and [[Agriculture in Papua New Guinea|agriculture]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Michael |first=Patrick S. |date=2019-12-30 |title=Current Evidence and Future Projections: a Comparative Analysis of the Impacts of Climate Change on Critical Climate-Sensitive Areas of Papua New Guinea |url=https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/tanah/article/view/35712 |journal=SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology |language=en |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=229–253 |doi=10.20961/stjssa.v16i2.35712 |s2cid=213917240 |issn=2356-1424|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Crate |first1=Susan A. |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AblJDAAAQBAJ&dq=climate+change+in+new+guinea&pg=PA197 |title=Anthropology and Climate Change: From Encounters to Actions |last2=Nuttall |first2=Mark |date=2016-06-03 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-315-43476-6 |pages=197–208 |language=en |chapter=Global averages, local extremes: the subtleties and complexities of climate change in Papua New Guinea}}</ref>

=== Climate data ===

{{Weather box
| location = [[Port Moresby]] (Köppen Aw)
| metric first = Yes
| single line  = Yes
| collapsed = Yes 
| width = auto 
| Jan record high C = 36.2
| Feb record high C = 36.1
| Mar record high C = 35.4
| Apr record high C = 34.2
| May record high C = 33.8
| Jun record high C = 33.9
| Jul record high C = 33.3
| Aug record high C = 33.8
| Sep record high C = 34.8
| Oct record high C = 35.5
| Nov record high C = 36.3
| Dec record high C = 36.3
| year record high C = 36.3
| Jan high C = 32.1
| Feb high C = 31.6
| Mar high C = 31.4
| Apr high C = 31.3
| May high C = 31.0
| Jun high C = 30.3
| Jul high C = 29.9
| Aug high C = 30.3
| Sep high C = 31.0
| Oct high C = 32.0
| Nov high C = 32.5
| Dec high C = 32.4
| year high C = 31.3
| Jan mean C = 27.4
| Feb mean C = 27.3
| Mar mean C = 27.1
| Apr mean C = 27.0
| May mean C = 26.9
| Jun mean C = 26.1
| Jul mean C = 25.7
| Aug mean C = 26.1
| Sep mean C = 26.5
| Oct mean C = 27.5
| Nov mean C = 27.6
| Dec mean C = 27.8
|year mean C = 26.9
| Jan low C = 23.7
| Feb low C = 23.5
| Mar low C = 23.4
| Apr low C = 23.5
| May low C = 23.5
| Jun low C = 23.1
| Jul low C = 22.4
| Aug low C = 22.6
| Sep low C = 23.2
| Oct low C = 23.5
| Nov low C = 23.6
| Dec low C = 23.7
| year low C = 23.3
| Jan record low C = 20.4
| Feb record low C = 18.8
| Mar record low C = 18.3
| Apr record low C = 16.8
| May record low C = 14.5
| Jun record low C = 14.5
| Jul record low C = 10.4
| Aug record low C = 14.8
| Sep record low C = 14.4
| Oct record low C = 16.3
| Nov record low C = 16.0
| Dec record low C = 19.6
| year record low C = 10.4
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 192.2
| Feb rain mm = 140.6
| Mar rain mm = 189.8
| Apr rain mm = 105.2
| May rain mm = 56.2
| Jun rain mm = 21.6
| Jul rain mm = 13.8
| Aug rain mm = 12.0
| Sep rain mm = 14.4
| Oct rain mm = 15.2
| Nov rain mm = 40.0
| Dec rain mm = 97.8
| unit rain days = 0.1 mm
| Jan rain days = 18
| Feb rain days = 16
| Mar rain days = 18
| Apr rain days = 11
| May rain days = 9
| Jun rain days = 6
| Jul rain days = 4
| Aug rain days = 4
| Sep rain days = 5
| Oct rain days = 5
| Nov rain days = 6
| Dec rain days = 12
| Jan humidity = 79
| Feb humidity = 81
| Mar humidity = 81
| Apr humidity = 82
| May humidity = 81
| Jun humidity = 79
| Jul humidity = 77
| Aug humidity = 76
| Sep humidity = 76
| Oct humidity = 76
| Nov humidity = 75
| Dec humidity = 77
|year humidity = 78
|Jan sun = 182
|Feb sun = 158
|Mar sun = 184
|Apr sun = 200
|May sun = 211
|Jun sun = 200
|Jul sun = 203
|Aug sun = 222
|Sep sun = 213
|Oct sun = 231
|Nov sun = 243
|Dec sun = 216
|year sun = 2463
|source 1 = [[World Meteorological Organization]]<ref name= WMOPM >{{cite web
| url = http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=1246
| title = World Weather Information Service&nbsp;— Port Moresby
| publisher = World Meteorological Organization
| access-date = 29 January 2016
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160206100459/http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=1246
| archive-date = 6 February 2016
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
|source 2 = [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]] (extremes, mean temperature, humidity and sun)<ref name = DWDPM>{{cite web
| url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_920350_kt.pdf
| title = Klimatafel von Port Moresby (Flugh.) / Papua-Neuguinea
| work = Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world
| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst
| language = de
| access-date = 29 January 2016
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190817201653/https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_920350_kt.pdf
| archive-date = 17 August 2019
| url-status = live
}}</ref><ref name = DWDsunPM>{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp-cdc.dwd.de/pub/CDC/observations_global/CLIMAT/multi_annual/sunshine_duration/1961_1990.txt
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171017195327/ftp://ftp-cdc.dwd.de/pub/CDC/observations_global/CLIMAT/multi_annual/sunshine_duration/1961_1990.txt
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 2017-10-17
| title = Station 92035 Port Moresby W.O.
| work = Global station data 1961–1990—Sunshine Duration
| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst
| access-date = 29 January 2016
}}</ref>
| date = August 2022
}}

{{Weather box
| location           = [[Mount Hagen]] (Köppen Cfb)
| metric first       = yes
| single line        = Yes
| collapsed = Yes 
| width = auto 
| Jan high C = 29
| Feb high C = 29
| Mar high C = 29
| Apr high C = 29
| May high C = 29
| Jun high C = 28
| Jul high C = 28
| Aug high C = 28
| Sep high C = 29
| Oct high C = 30
| Nov high C = 30
| Dec high C = 30
| year high C = 29
| Jan low C = 12
| Feb low C = 13
| Mar low C = 13
| Apr low C = 12
| May low C = 12
| Jun low C = 11
| Jul low C = 11
| Aug low C = 11
| Sep low C = 11
| Oct low C = 12
| Nov low C = 12
| Dec low C = 12
| year low C = 12
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 283
| Feb rain mm = 299
| Mar rain mm = 309
| Apr rain mm = 249
| May rain mm = 180
| Jun rain mm = 122
| Jul rain mm = 135
| Aug rain mm = 163
| Sep rain mm = 193
| Oct rain mm = 218
| Nov rain mm = 208
| Dec rain mm = 279
| year rain mm =
| Jan rain days = 24
| Feb rain days = 25
| Mar rain days = 26
| Apr rain days = 26
| May rain days = 25
| Jun rain days = 23
| Jul rain days = 23
| Aug rain days = 22
| Sep rain days = 23
| Oct rain days = 24
| Nov rain days = 23
| Dec rain days = 24
| unit rain days = 0.1 mm
| Jan sun = 155
| Feb sun = 113
| Mar sun = 124
| Apr sun = 120
| May sun = 124
| Jun sun = 120
| Jul sun = 124
| Aug sun = 124
| Sep sun = 120
| Oct sun = 155
| Nov sun = 150
| Dec sun = 155
| source 1 = Weather2Travel<ref>[https://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/papua-new-guinea/mount-hagen.php Climate of Mount Hagen]</ref>
}}

{{Weather box
|location = [[Lae]] (Köppen Af)
|single line = Yes
|metric first = Yes
|collapsed = Yes 
|width = auto 
|Jan high C = 31.5
|Feb high C = 31.5
|Mar high C = 31.0
|Apr high C = 30.5
|May high C = 29.8
|Jun high C = 28.8
|Jul high C = 28.1
|Aug high C = 28.0
|Sep high C = 28.7
|Oct high C = 29.6
|Nov high C = 30.5
|Dec high C = 31.1
|year high C = 29.9
|Jan low C = 24.3
|Feb low C = 24.2
|Mar low C = 24.2
|Apr low C = 23.9
|May low C = 23.6
|Jun low C = 23.0
|Jul low C = 22.4
|Aug low C = 22.3
|Sep low C = 22.6
|Oct low C = 23.2
|Nov low C = 23.7
|Dec low C = 23.9
|year low C = 23.4
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 241.6
|Feb rain mm = 239.9
|Mar rain mm = 281.1
|Apr rain mm = 347.4
|May rain mm = 348.9
|Jun rain mm = 502.8
|Jul rain mm = 477.9
|Aug rain mm = 516.9
|Sep rain mm = 360.9
|Oct rain mm = 442.4
|Nov rain mm = 334.9
|Dec rain mm = 338.2
|year rain mm = 4432.9
|Jan rain days = 16
|Feb rain days = 17
|Mar rain days = 18
|Apr rain days = 21
|May rain days = 21
|Jun rain days = 21
|Jul rain days = 24
|Aug rain days = 24
|Sep rain days = 22
|Oct rain days = 22
|Nov rain days = 21
|Dec rain days = 19
|year rain days = 246
|source 1 = [[World Meteorological Organisation]]<ref name= LaeWMO >{{cite web
| url = http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=1429
| title = World Weather Information Service&nbsp;— Lae City
| publisher = World Meteorological Organisation
| access-date = 15 December 2015}}</ref>
|date=November 2011
}}

{{Weather box
|width=auto
|metric first=yes
|single line=yes
|collapsed=yes
|location=[[Wewak]] (Köppen Af)
|Jan high C=30.6
|Feb high C=30.4
|Mar high C=30.5
|Apr high C=30.9
|May high C=31.4
|Jun high C=31
|Jul high C=30.8
|Aug high C=31.1
|Sep high C=31.4
|Oct high C=31.1
|Nov high C=31
|Dec high C=30.7
|Jan mean C=26.8
|Feb mean C=26.7
|Mar mean C=26.6
|Apr mean C=26.8
|May mean C=27.1
|Jun mean C=26.8
|Jul mean C=26.6
|Aug mean C=26.6
|Sep mean C=27
|Oct mean C=26.9
|Nov mean C=26.9
|Dec mean C=26.8
|Jan low C=23
|Feb low C=23
|Mar low C=22.8
|Apr low C=22.8
|May low C=22.9
|Jun low C=22.6
|Jul low C=22.4
|Aug low C=22.2
|Sep low C=22.6
|Oct low C=22.8
|Nov low C=22.9
|Dec low C=23
|rain colour=green
|Jan rain mm=143
|Feb rain mm=144
|Mar rain mm=165
|Apr rain mm=181
|May rain mm=208
|Jun rain mm=191
|Jul rain mm=166
|Aug rain mm=161
|Sep rain mm=177
|Oct rain mm=216
|Nov rain mm=207
|Dec rain mm=157
|Jan rain days=17
|Feb rain days=17
|Mar rain days=19
|Apr rain days=20
|May rain days=20
|Jun rain days=18
|Jul rain days=18
|Aug rain days=15
|Sep rain days=17
|Oct rain days=19
|Nov rain days=18
|Dec rain days=17
|Jand sun=5
|Febd sun=5
|Mard sun=5
|Aprd sun=5
|Mayd sun=5
|Jund sun=5
|Juld sun=5
|Augd sun=5
|Sepd sun=6
|Octd sun=6
|Novd sun=5
|Decd sun=5
|source 1= ''Climate-Data.org'' (altitude: 0m)<ref name="Climate-Data.Wewak">{{Cite web |url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/57665/ |title=Climate: Wewak – Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table |publisher=Climate-Data.org |access-date=2013-12-18 }}</ref>
|source 2= ''Weather2Travel'' for rainy days and sunshine<ref name="Weather2TravelWewak">{{Cite web |url=http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/papua-new-guinea/wewak.php |title=Wewak Climate and Weather Averages, Papua New Guinea |publisher=Weather2Travel |access-date=2013-12-18 }}</ref>
}}

{{Weather box
|location = [[Daru]] (Köppen Am)
|width = auto
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|collapsed = yes
|Jan high C = 31.7
|Feb high C = 31.7
|Mar high C = 31.2
|Apr high C = 30.6
|May high C = 29.9
|Jun high C = 28.9
|Jul high C = 28.2
|Aug high C = 28.4
|Sep high C = 29.2
|Oct high C = 30.6
|Nov high C = 31.8
|Dec high C = 32.4
|Jan mean C = 27.5
|Feb mean C = 27.5
|Mar mean C = 27.2
|Apr mean C = 27.0
|May mean C = 26.8
|Jun mean C = 25.9
|Jul mean C = 25.2
|Aug mean C = 25.4
|Sep mean C = 25.8
|Oct mean C = 26.8
|Nov mean C = 27.6
|Dec mean C = 28.0
|Jan low C = 23.4
|Feb low C = 23.3
|Mar low C = 23.3
|Apr low C = 23.5
|May low C = 23.7
|Jun low C = 23.0
|Jul low C = 22.3
|Aug low C = 22.4
|Sep low C = 22.5
|Oct low C = 23.1
|Nov low C = 23.5
|Dec low C = 23.6
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm= 265
|Feb rain mm= 264
|Mar rain mm= 291
|Apr rain mm= 333
|May rain mm= 224
|Jun rain mm= 110
|Jul rain mm= 80
|Aug rain mm= 54
|Sep rain mm= 45
|Oct rain mm= 55
|Nov rain mm= 109
|Dec rain mm= 191
|source =<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.climate-data.org/location/707856|publisher=climate-data.org|title=Daru Climate (Papua New Guinea)}}</ref>
}}

{{Weather box
|location = [[Goroka]] (Köppen Am/Af/Cfb)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|collapsed = yes
|width = auto 
|Jan high C = 25.5
|Feb high C = 25.5
|Mar high C = 25.1
|Apr high C = 25.2
|May high C = 25.3  
|Jun high C = 24.4
|Jul high C = 24.0
|Aug high C = 24.5
|Sep high C = 24.9
|Oct high C = 25.3
|Nov high C = 25.9
|Dec high C = 25.4
|Jan mean C = 19.9
|Feb mean C = 20.1
|Mar mean C = 19.8
|Apr mean C = 19.8
|May mean C = 19.7
|Jun mean C = 18.8
|Jul mean C = 18.6
|Aug mean C = 18.9
|Sep mean C = 19.1
|Oct mean C = 19.4
|Nov mean C = 19.7
|Dec mean C = 19.8
|Jan low C = 14.4
|Feb low C = 14.7
|Mar low C = 14.6
|Apr low C = 14.4
|May low C = 14.2
|Jun low C = 13.3
|Jul low C = 13.2
|Aug low C = 13.3
|Sep low C = 13.4
|Oct low C = 13.5   
|Nov low C = 13.5
|Dec low C = 14.3
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm= 229
|Feb rain mm= 249
|Mar rain mm= 232
|Apr rain mm= 181
|May rain mm= 117
|Jun rain mm= 62
|Jul rain mm= 55
|Aug rain mm= 65
|Sep rain mm= 99
|Oct rain mm= 159
|Nov rain mm= 163
|Dec rain mm= 229
|source =<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.climate-data.org/oceania/papua-new-guinea/eastern-highlands/goroka-50976/|title=Goroka climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Goroka weather averages - Climate-Data.org|website=en.climate-data.org}}</ref>
}}

{{Weather box
| location     = [[Madang]] (Köppen Af)
| single line  = Yes
| metric first = Yes
| collapsed = Yes 
| width = auto 
|Jan record high C = 33.2
|Feb record high C = 33.3
|Mar record high C = 33.3
|Apr record high C = 33.7
|May record high C = 32.2
|Jun record high C = 32.2
|Jul record high C = 31.5
|Aug record high C = 31.7
|Sep record high C = 33.4
|Oct record high C = 31.7
|Nov record high C = 32.5
|Dec record high C = 33.6
|year record high C = 33.7
|Jan high C = 30.8
|Feb high C = 30.6
|Mar high C = 30.6
|Apr high C = 30.6
|May high C = 30.7
|Jun high C = 30.4
|Jul high C = 30.2
|Aug high C = 30.2
|Sep high C = 30.5
|Oct high C = 30.9
|Nov high C = 31.2
|Dec high C = 30.9
|year high C = 30.6
|Jan low C = 23.9
|Feb low C = 23.8
|Mar low C = 23.9
|Apr low C = 23.8
|May low C = 23.9
|Jun low C = 23.7
|Jul low C = 23.4
|Aug low C = 23.7
|Sep low C = 23.6
|Oct low C = 23.8
|Nov low C = 23.9
|Dec low C = 23.9
|year low C = 23.8
|Jan record low C = 21.0
|Feb record low C = 20.7
|Mar record low C = 20.8
|Apr record low C = 21.1
|May record low C = 20.1
|Jun record low C = 19.9
|Jul record low C = 20.0
|Aug record low C = 18.9
|Sep record low C = 20.8
|Oct record low C = 20.3
|Nov record low C = 20.0
|Dec record low C = 19.4
|year record low C = 18.9
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 343.8
|Feb rain mm = 292.0
|Mar rain mm = 329.8
|Apr rain mm = 389.4
|May rain mm = 343.4
|Jun rain mm = 186.4
|Jul rain mm = 144.2
|Aug rain mm = 93.8
|Sep rain mm = 82.6
|Oct rain mm = 239.2
|Nov rain mm = 280.2
|Dec rain mm = 382.0
|year rain mm = 3106.8
|Jan rain days = 23
|Feb rain days = 21
|Mar rain days = 23
|Apr rain days = 23
|May rain days = 21
|Jun rain days = 18
|Jul rain days = 15
|Aug rain days = 12
|Sep rain days = 11
|Oct rain days = 15
|Nov rain days = 19
|Dec rain days = 23
|year rain days = 224
|Jan humidity = 85
|Feb humidity = 85
|Mar humidity = 85
|Apr humidity = 85
|May humidity = 85
|Jun humidity = 84
|Jul humidity = 84
|Aug humidity = 82
|Sep humidity = 83
|Oct humidity = 83
|Nov humidity = 84
|Dec humidity = 84
|year humidity = 84
|Jan sun = 160
|Feb sun = 140
|Mar sun = 144
|Apr sun = 162
|May sun = 193
|Jun sun = 195
|Jul sun = 198
|Aug sun = 210
|Sep sun = 227
|Oct sun = 210
|Nov sun = 185
|Dec sun = 160
|year sun = 2184
|source 1 = [[World Meteorological Organisation]]<ref name= WMOMadang >{{cite web
| url = http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=1430
| title = World Weather Information Service&nbsp;— Madang
| publisher = World Meteorological Organisation
| access-date = 15 December 2015}}</ref>
|source 2 = [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]] (extremes, humidity and sun)<ref name = madangDWD>
{{cite web
| url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_920140_kt.pdf
| title = Klimatafel von Madang / Papua-Neuguinea
| work = Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world
| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst
| language = de
| access-date = 29 January 2016}}</ref><ref name = MadangDWDsun>{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp-cdc.dwd.de/pub/CDC/observations_global/CLIMAT/multi_annual/sunshine_duration/1961_1990.txt
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171017195327/ftp://ftp-cdc.dwd.de/pub/CDC/observations_global/CLIMAT/multi_annual/sunshine_duration/1961_1990.txt
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 2017-10-17
| title = Station 92014 Madang W.O
| work = Global station data 1961–1990—Sunshine Duration
| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst
| access-date = 29 January 2016
}}</ref>
| date = November 2011
}}