Editing Geneva Protocol (section)

==Violations==
Several state parties have deployed chemical weapons for combat in spite of the treaty. [[Italy]] used [[mustard gas]] against the [[Ethiopian Empire]] in the [[Second Italo-Ethiopian War]]. In [[World War II]], Germany employed chemical weapons in combat on several occasions along the [[Black Sea]], notably in [[Sevastopol]], where they used toxic smoke to force Soviet resistance fighters out of caverns below the city. They also used asphyxiating gas in the catacombs of [[Odesa]] in November 1941, following their [[Siege of Odessa (1941)|capture of the city]], and in late May 1942 during the [[Battle of the Kerch Peninsula]] in eastern [[Crimea]], perpetrated by the Wehrmacht's Chemical Forces and organized by a special detail of [[Schutzstaffel|SS]] troops with the help of a field engineer battalion.<ref name="nazgas">{{cite book|last1=Israelyan|first1=Victor|title=On the Battlefields of the Cold War: A Soviet Ambassador's Confession|pages=339|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sSDP-XiRMwUC&pg=PA339|isbn=978-0271047737|date=2010-11-01|publisher=Penn State Press }}</ref> After the battle in mid-May 1942, the Germans gassed and killed almost 3,000 of the besieged and non-evacuated [[Red Army]] soldiers and Soviet civilians hiding in a series of caves and tunnels in the nearby [[Defense of the Adzhimushkay quarry|Adzhimushkay quarry]].<ref>[[Catherine Merridale|Merridale, Catherine]], Ivan's War, Faber & Faber: pp. 148–150.</ref>

During the 1980-1988 Iran-Iraq War, Iraq is known to have employed a variety of chemical weapons against Iranian forces. Some 100,000 Iranian troops were casualties of Iraqi chemical weapons during the war.<ref>{{citation|last=Fassihi|first=Farnaz|title=In Iran, grim reminders of Saddam's arsenal|date=October 27, 2002|url=http://www.nj.com/specialprojects/index.ssf?/specialprojects/mideaststories/me1209.html|journal=New Jersey Star Ledger|access-date=27 July 2023|archive-date=13 December 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213061050/http://www.nj.com/specialprojects/index.ssf?%2Fspecialprojects%2Fmideaststories%2Fme1209.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{citation|author=Paul Hughes|title=It's like a knife stabbing into me|date=January 21, 2003|url=http://www.thestar.co.za/index.php?fArticleId=39470|work=The Star (South Africa)}}</ref><ref>{{citation|last=Sciolino|first=Elaine|title=Iraq Chemical Arms Condemned, but West Once Looked the Other Way|date=February 13, 2003|url=http://www.commondreams.org/headlines03/0213-05.htm|journal=[[The New York Times]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527105217/http://www.commondreams.org/headlines03/0213-05.htm|archive-date=May 27, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>