Editing Gender studies (section)

====Feminist psychoanalytic theory====
Feminist theorists such as [[Juliet Mitchell]], [[Nancy Chodorow]], [[Jessica Benjamin]], [[Jane Gallop]], [[Bracha L. Ettinger]], [[Shoshana Felman]], [[Griselda Pollock]],<ref>{{cite book | last = Pollock | first = Griselda | author-link = Griselda Pollock | title = Encounters in the Virtual Feminist Museum: Time, Space and the Archive | publisher = Routledge | date = 2007}}</ref> [[Luce Irigaray]] and [[Jane Flax]] have developed a Feminist psychoanalysis and argued that psychoanalytic theory is vital to the feminist project and must, like other theoretical traditions, be criticized by women as well as transformed to free it from vestiges of sexism (i.e. being [[censored]]). [[Shulamith Firestone]], in ''The Dialectic of Sex'', calls [[Freudianism]] the misguided feminism and discusses how Freudianism is ''almost'' completely accurate, with the exception of one crucial detail: everywhere that Freud writes "penis", the word should be replaced with "power".

Critics such as [[Elizabeth Grosz]] accuse [[Jacques Lacan]] of maintaining a sexist tradition in psychoanalysis.<ref name ="Grosz">{{cite book | last = Grosz | first = Elizabeth | author-link = Elizabeth Grosz| title = Jacques Lacan: A Feminist Introduction | url = https://archive.org/details/jacqueslacanfemi0000gros | url-access = registration | location = London | publisher = Routledge | year = 1990 }}</ref> Others, such as [[Judith Butler]], Bracha L. Ettinger and [[Jane Gallop]] have used Lacanian work, though in a critical way, to develop gender studies.<ref name="Gender Trouble">{{cite book | last = Butler | first = Judith | author-link = Judith Butler | title = Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity | title-link = Gender Trouble | year = 1999 }}</ref><ref name="Ettinger">{{citation | last = Ettinger | first = Bracha L. | author-link = Bracha L. Ettinger | contribution = The Matrixial Borderspace | editor-last = Ettinger | editor-first = Bracha L. | editor-link = Bracha L. Ettinger | title = Collected Essays from 1994–1999 | publisher = [[University of Minnesota Press]] | year = 2006 }}</ref><ref name="Gallop">{{cite book | last = Gallop | first = Jane | author-link = Jane Gallop | title = The Daughter's Seduction: Feminism and Psychoanalysis | publisher = Cornell University Press | year = 1993}}</ref> According to J. B. Marchand, "The gender studies and queer theory are rather reluctant, hostile to see the psychoanalytic approach."<ref>{{citation | last1 = Chaudoye | first1 = Guillemine | last2 = Cupa | first2 = Dominique | last3 = Parat | first3 = Hélène | contribution = Judith Butler | editor-last1 = Chaudoye | editor-first1 = Guillemine | editor-last2 = Cupa | editor-first2 = Dominique | editor-last3 = Parat | editor-first3 = Hélène | title = Le Sexuel, ses différences et ses genres | publisher = EDK Editions | location = Paris | year = 2011 }}</ref> For [[Jean-Claude Guillebaud]], gender studies (and activists of sexual minorities) "besieged" and consider psychoanalysis and psychoanalysts as "the new priests, the last defenders of the genital normality, morality, moralism or even obscurantism".<ref>{{cite book | author1-first=Jean-Claude | author1-last=Guillebaud | author1-link=Jean-Claude Guillebaud | author2-first=Armand | author2-last=Abécassis | author3-first=Alain | author3-last=Houziaux | title=La psychanalyse peut-elle guérir? | location=Paris | publisher=Éditions de l'Atelier | year=2005 | page=43}}</ref>

[[Judith Butler]]'s worries about the psychoanalytic outlook under which sexual difference is "undeniable" and pathologizing any effort to suggest that it is not so paramount and unambiguous ...".<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Butler | first1 = Judith | last2 = Fassin | first2 = Éric | last3 = Wallach Scott | first3 = Joan | author-link1 = Judith Butler | author-link2 = Éric Fassin | author-link3 = Joan Wallach Scott | title = Pour ne pas en finir avec le 'genre'... table ronde | trans-title = For more on 'gender'... round table | journal = Sociétés & Représentations | volume = 2 | issue = 24 | pages = 285–306 | doi = 10.3917/sr.024.0285 | date = May 2006 }}</ref> According to Daniel Beaune and Caterina Rea, the gender-studies "often criticized psychoanalysis to perpetuate a family and social model of patriarchal, based on a rigid and timeless version of the parental order".<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Beaune | first1 = Daniel | last2 = Rea | first2 = Caterina | title = Psychanalyse sans Œdipe: Antigone, genre et subversion | page = 78 | publisher = L'Harmattan | location = Paris | year = 2010 }}</ref>