Editing Gatling gun (section)

=== United States and South America ===
The US Army adopted Gatling guns in several calibers, including .42 caliber, [[.45-70]], .50 caliber, 1 inch, and (M1893 and later) [[.30 Army]], with conversions of M1900 weapons to [[.30-03]] and [[.30-06]].<ref>Paul Wahl and Don Toppel, ''The Gatling Gun'', Arco Publishing, 1971, p. 155.</ref><ref>Randolph, Captain W. S., 5th US Artillery [http://www.allworldwars.com/Gatling-Guns-Service-and-Description-1878.html ''Service and Description of Gatling Guns, 1878''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131225717/http://www.allworldwars.com/Gatling-Guns-Service-and-Description-1878.html |date=2016-01-31 }}</ref> The .45-70 weapon was also mounted on some [[US Navy]] ships of the 1880s and 1890s.<ref>{{cite book |last=Friedman| first=Norman |author-link= Norman Friedman |title=U.S. Cruisers: An Illustrated Design History | pages = 457–463 |publisher=[[United States Naval Institute]] | year=1984 | location=[[Annapolis, Maryland]] | isbn=978-0-87021-718-0}}</ref>

The British manufacturer James George Accles, previously employed by Colt 1867–1886, developed a modified Gatling gun circa 1888 known as the Accles Machine Gun.<ref>[https://www.accles-shelvoke.com/company/about-accles-shelvoke/history History of Accles & Shelvoke from company website]</ref> Circa 1895, the [[American Ordnance Company]] acquired the rights to manufacture and distribute this weapon in the Americas. It was trialed by the US Navy in December 1895, and was said to be the only weapon to complete the trial out of five competing weapons, but was apparently not adopted by US forces.<ref>{{cite book | last = American Ordnance Company | title = The Driggs-Schroeder System of rapid-fire guns, 2nd edition | publisher = The Deutsch Lithographing and Printing Company | year = 1896 | location = Baltimore, MD | pages = Preface, 76 | url = https://archive.org/details/driggsschroeders00amer/page/n10 }}</ref>

The Gatling gun was first used in warfare during the [[American Civil War]]. Twelve of the guns were purchased personally by Union commanders and used in the trenches during the [[Siege of Petersburg|Siege of Petersburg, Virginia]] (June 1864—April 1865).<ref>'' Civil War Weapons And Equipment'' by Russ A. Pritchard Jnr.</ref> Eight other Gatling guns were fitted on gunboats.<ref name="civilwarhome">{{cite web|url=http://www.civilwarhome.com/gatlinggun.htm|title=The Gatling Gun In The Civil War|publisher=civilwarhome.com|access-date=2015-11-03|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151025112639/http://civilwarhome.com/gatlinggun.htm|archive-date=2015-10-25}}</ref> The gun was not accepted by the American Army until 1866 when a sales representative of the manufacturing company demonstrated it in combat.<ref name="proceedings">Emmott, N.W. "The Devil's Watering Pot" ''[[United States Naval Institute]] Proceedings'' September 1972 p. 70.</ref>

On July 17, 1863, Gatling guns were purportedly used to overawe [[New York City draft riots|New York anti-draft rioters]].<ref>Julia Keller, ''Mr. Gatling's Terrible Marvel'' (2008), p. 168-170</ref> Two were brought by a [[Pennsylvania National Guard]] unit from [[Philadelphia]] to use against strikers in [[Pittsburgh Railway Riots|Pittsburgh]].

Gatling guns were famously ''not'' used at the [[Battle of the Little Bighorn]], also known as "Custer's Last Stand," when General [[George Armstrong Custer]] chose not to bring Gatling guns with his main force.

In April 1867, a Gatling gun was purchased for the [[Argentine Army]] by Interior Minister [[Domingo Faustino Sarmiento|Domingo F. Sarmiento]] under instructions from President [[Bartolomé Mitre]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1PTZaud0ekcC|title=Conflict in the Southern Cone: The Argentine Military and the Boundary Dispute with Chile, 1870-1902|first=George v|last=Rauch|date=1 January 1999|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-275-96347-7}}</ref>

Captain [[Luis Germán Astete]] of the [[Peruvian Navy]] took with him dozens of Gatling guns from the United States to Peru in December 1879 during the Peru-Chile [[War of the Pacific]]. Gatling guns were used by the Peruvian Navy and Army, especially in the [[Battle of Tacna]] (May 1880) and the [[Battle of San Juan and Chorrillos|Battle of San Juan]] (January 1881) against the invading Chilean Army.

In 1888, the ''SS Ozama'' smuggled a number of Gatling guns into Haiti<ref>''Bridgeport Morning News'', (Bridgeport, Connecticut), Volume 19, #155, December 29, 1888, p. 1, c. 3</ref>

In 1907, Gatling guns were used by Nicaragua in the battle of Namasique, largely manned by American mercenaries<ref name=":0" />

Gatling guns were kept in store by coal companies and used during the [[Battle of Blair Mountain]];<ref>{{Cite web |title=100 years since the Battle of Blair Mountain |url=https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2021/09/10/bmtn-s10.html |access-date=2022-12-04 |website=World Socialist Web Site |date=September 10, 2021 |language=en}}</ref> On September 1, a group of miners looted one of these guns and assaulted a spot called Craddock Fork. Opposing forces fought back with a machine gun, but after three hours of heavy fire, their weapon jammed. The miners surged forward and briefly broke the defensive line, but were repulsed by another machine gun nest located further up the ridge.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Andrews |first=Evan |title=The Battle of Blair Mountain |url=https://www.history.com/news/americas-largest-labor-uprising-the-battle-of-blair-mountain |access-date=2022-12-04 |website=HISTORY |date=September 2018 |language=en}}</ref>