Editing Gamete (section)

==Artificial gametes==
Artificial gametes, also known as in vitro derived gametes (IVD), stem cell-derived gametes (SCDGs), and in vitro generated gametes (IVG), are gametes derived from [[stem cell]]s. The use of such artificial gametes would "necessarily require [[In vitro fertilisation|IVF]] techniques".<ref name="med"/> Research shows that artificial gametes may be a reproductive technique for same-sex male couples, although a [[surrogate mother]] would still be required for the gestation period.<ref name="med">{{cite journal | vauthors = Newson AJ, Smajdor AC | title = Artificial gametes: new paths to parenthood? | journal = Journal of Medical Ethics | volume = 31 | issue = 3 | pages = 184–186 | date = March 2005 | pmid = 15738444 | pmc = 1734101 | doi = 10.1136/jme.2003.004986 | quote = Pregnancies brought about by means of artificial gametes would necessarily require [[In vitro fertilisation|IVF]] techniques }}</ref> Women who have passed [[menopause]] may be able to produce eggs and bear genetically related children with artificial gametes.<ref name="med"/> Robert Sparrow wrote, in the [[Journal of Medical Ethics]], that embryos derived from artificial gametes could be used to derive new gametes and this process could be repeated to create multiple human generations in the laboratory.<ref name="sparrow">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sparrow R | title = In vitro eugenics | journal = Journal of Medical Ethics | volume = 40 | issue = 11 | pages = 725–731 | date = November 2014 | pmid = 23557913 | doi = 10.1136/medethics-2012-101200 | s2cid = 959092 | url = https://research.monash.edu/en/publications/72686ba6-5d7d-49ca-88a8-0fa8e1b83960 }}</ref> This technique could be used to create [[cell culture|cell lines]] for medical applications and for studying the heredity of [[genetic disorder]]s.<ref name="sparrow"/> Additionally, this technique could be used for [[human enhancement]] by [[selective breeding|selectively breeding]] for a desired genome or by using [[recombinant DNA]] technology to create enhancements that have not arisen in nature.<ref name="sparrow"/>