Editing Fumarole (section)

== Occurrences ==
Fumaroles are found around the world in areas of volcanic activity. A few notable examples include:<!--Do not make this an exhaustive list; include only examples that are particularly well known and illustrate the worldwide distribution.-->
* [[Campi Flegrei]], Italy, known since ancient times and regarded as the entrance to [[Hell]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Carrabba |first1=Paola |title=Natural Heritage from East to West |chapter=The Gate of Hades: The Phlegraean Fields |date=2010 |pages=193–200 |doi=10.1007/978-3-642-01577-9_24|isbn=978-3-642-01576-2 }}</ref> which is now closely monitored because of the hazard it poses to nearby urbanization.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Troiano |first1=A. |last2=Isaia |first2=R. |last3=Tramparulo |first3=F. D. A. |last4=Di Giuseppe |first4=M. G. |title=The Pisciarelli main fumarole mechanisms reconstructed by electrical resistivity and induced polarization imaging |journal=Scientific Reports |date=December 2021 |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=18639 |doi=10.1038/s41598-021-97413-1|pmid=34545113 |pmc=8452721 |bibcode=2021NatSR..1118639T }}</ref>
* [[Central Volcanic Zone]], South America<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tamburello |first1=G. |last2=Hansteen |first2=T. H. |last3=Bredemeyer |first3=S. |last4=Aiuppa |first4=A. |last5=Tassi |first5=F. |title=Gas emissions from five volcanoes in northern Chile and implications for the volatiles budget of the Central Volcanic Zone: Volatiles budget of the CVZ, Chile |journal=Geophysical Research Letters |date=28 July 2014 |volume=41 |issue=14 |pages=4961–4969 |doi=10.1002/2014GL060653|hdl=10447/99158 |s2cid=55877335 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
* [[Corbetti Geothermal Power Station|Corbetti Caldera]], Ethiopia, where a geothermal power station is under construction<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Paola |first1=G. M. |title=Geology of the Corbetti Caldera area (Main Ethiopian Rift Valley) |journal=Bulletin Volcanologique |date=June 1971 |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=497–506 |doi=10.1007/BF02596970|bibcode=1971BVol...35..497D |s2cid=130428510 }}</ref>
* [[Taupō Volcanic Zone]], New Zealand, where fumaroles support a unique and critically endangered ecosystem<ref>{{cite web |title=Fumaroles |url=https://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/publications/naturally-uncommon-ecosystems/geothermal/fumaroles/ |website=Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research |access-date=1 March 2022}}</ref>
* [[Mount Usu]], Japan<ref>{{cite journal |title=Long-term geochemical surveillance of fumaroles at Showa-Shinzan dome, Usu volcano, Japan |journal=Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research |first1=R.B. |last1=Symonds |first2=Y. |last2=Mizutani |first3=Paul H. |last3=Briggs |year=1996 |volume=73 |number=3–4 |pages=177–211|doi=10.1016/0377-0273(96)00029-7 |bibcode=1996JVGR...73..177S }}</ref>
* Valley of Desolation in [[Morne Trois Pitons National Park]] in [[Dominica]]<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite web|year=1997|title=Morne Trois Pitons National Park|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/814|access-date=28 July 2020|website=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref>
* [[Furnas]], São Miguel Island, Azores (Portugal)
* Yellowstone National Park has thousands of fumaroles, including Black Growler at [[Norris Geyser Basin]] and numerous fumaroles dotting [[Roaring Mountain]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Hydrothermal Features |url=https://www.nps.gov/yell/learn/nature/hydrothermal-features.htm |website=Yellowstone National Park |publisher=U.S. National Park Service |access-date=1 March 2022}}</ref>

=== On Mars ===
The formation known as [[Home Plate (Mars)|Home Plate]] at [[Gusev Crater]] on [[Mars]], which was examined by the [[Mars Exploration Rover]] (MER) [[Spirit (rover)|''Spirit'']], is suspected to be the eroded remains of an ancient and extinct fumarole.<ref>R.V.Morris, S.W.Squyres, et al. "The Hydrothermal System at Home Plate in Gusev Crater, Mars". ''Lunar & Planetary Science'' XXXIX(2008)</ref>