Editing Friedrich Hayek (section)

=== Education ===
At the [[University of Vienna]], Hayek initially studied mostly philosophy, psychology and economics.<ref name=":4"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Contemporary Thinkers: Friedrich Hayek |url=https://contemporarythinkers.org/friedrich-hayek/biography/}}</ref> The university allowed students to choose their subjects freely and there was not much obligatory written work, or tests except main exams at the end of the study.{{sfn|Ebenstein|2001|p=28}} By the end of his studies Hayek became more interested in economics, mostly for financial and career reasons; he planned to combine law and economics to start a career in diplomatic service.{{sfn|Ebenstein|2001|p=22}} He earned doctorates in law and political science in 1921 and 1923 respectively.<ref name=":4" />

For a short time, when the University of Vienna closed he studied in [[Constantin von Monakow]]'s Institute of Brain Anatomy, where Hayek spent much of his time [[staining]] brain cells.<ref name=":6">''Some Reflection on Hayek's The Sensory Order'', Caldwell, 2004</ref> Hayek's time in Monakow's lab and his deep interest in the work of [[Ernst Mach]] inspired his first intellectual project, eventually published as ''The Sensory Order'' (1952).<ref name="Backhaus2005" /><ref name=":6" /> It located connective learning at the physical and neurological levels, rejecting the "sense data" associationism of the [[empiricists]] and [[logical positivism|logical positivists]].<ref name="Backhaus2005">
The Sensory Order (1952) on learning
* {{cite book| publisher = Edward Elgar Publishing| isbn = 978-1-84542-795-5| last = Backhaus| first = Jurgen G.| title = Entrepreneurship, Money and Coordination: Hayek's Theory of Cultural Evolution| year= 2005|page=48}}
* {{cite book| publisher = Edward Elgar Publishing| isbn = 978-1-78100-102-8 |editor=Richard Arena |editor2=Agnès Festré |editor3=Nathalie Lazaric | title = Handbook of Knowledge and Economics| year= 2012|page=133}}
</ref> Hayek presented his work to the private seminar he had created with [[Herbert Furth]] called [[the Geistkreis]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mises.org/library/viennese-connection-alfred-schutz-and-austrian-school-0|title=The Viennese Connection: Alfred Schutz and the Austrian School|last=kanopiadmin|date=30 July 2014|website=Mises Institute|access-date=2 January 2019|archive-date=11 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911152119/http://mises.org/journals/qjae/pdf/qjae6_2_2.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

During Hayek's years at the University of Vienna, [[Carl Menger]]'s work on the explanatory strategy of social science and [[Friedrich von Wieser]]'s commanding presence in the classroom left a lasting influence on him.<ref name=UCLA/> Upon the completion of his examinations, Hayek was hired by [[Ludwig von Mises]] on the recommendation of Wieser as a specialist for the Austrian government working on the legal and economic details of the [[Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)|Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye]].<ref name=":7">{{Citation|last=French|first=Douglas|title=Hayek and Mises|date=2013|work=Hayek: A Collaborative Biography: Part 1 Influences, from Mises to Bartley|pages=80–92|editor-last=Leeson|editor-first=Robert|series=Archival Insights into the Evolution of Economics Series|location=London|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|language=en|doi=10.1057/9781137328564_6|isbn=978-1-137-32856-4}}</ref> Between 1923 and 1924, Hayek worked as a research assistant to Professor [[Jeremiah Jenks]] of [[New York University]], compiling macroeconomic data on the American economy and the operations of the [[Federal Reserve]].<ref>A.J. Tebble, ''F.A. Hayek'', Continuum International Publishing Group, 2010, pp. 4–5</ref> He was influenced by [[Wesley Clair Mitchell]] and started a doctoral program on problems of monetary stabilization but didn't finish it.{{sfn|Ebenstein|2001|p=33}} His time in America wasn't especially happy. He had very limited social contacts, missed the cultural life of Vienna, and was troubled by his poverty.{{sfn|Ebenstein|2001|p=35}} His family's financial situation deteriorated significantly after the War.<ref name=":8">{{Cite book|last=Leeson|first=Robert|title=Hayek: A Collaborative Biography|year=2018}}</ref>

Initially sympathetic to Wieser's [[democratic socialism]], Hayek found [[Marxism]] rigid and unattractive, and his mild socialist phase lasted until he was about 23.{{sfn|Ebenstein|2001|p=23}} Hayek's economic thinking shifted away from socialism and toward the [[classical liberalism]] of Carl Menger after reading von Mises' book ''[[Socialism (book)|Socialism]]''.<ref name=":7" /> It was sometime after reading ''Socialism'' that Hayek began attending von Mises' private seminars, joining several of his university friends, including [[Fritz Machlup]], [[Alfred Schutz]], [[Felix Kaufmann]] and [[Gottfried Haberler]], who were also participating in Hayek's own more general and private seminar. It was during this time that he also encountered and befriended noted political philosopher [[Eric Voegelin]], with whom he retained a long-standing relationship.<ref>Federici, Michael. ''Eric Voegelin: The Restoration of Order'', ISI Books, 2002, p. 1</ref>