Editing Fragaria (section)

==Classification==
There are more than 20 different ''Fragaria'' species worldwide. A number of other species have been proposed, some of which are now recognized as subspecies.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysimple.aspx?Fragaria |title=Species records in the database (for the query: '''genus''' = ''Fragaria'') |publisher=U.S. National Plant Germplasm System |access-date=2017-08-24}}</ref> One key to the classification of strawberry species is that they vary in the number of [[chromosome]]s. They all have seven basic ''types'' of chromosomes, but exhibit different [[polyploidy]]. Some species are diploid, having two sets of the seven chromosomes (14 chromosomes total), but others are tetraploid (four sets, 28 chromosomes total), hexaploid (six sets, 42 chromosomes total), octoploid (eight sets, 56 chromosomes total), or decaploid (ten sets, 70 chromosomes total).

As a rough rule (with exceptions), strawberry species with more chromosomes tend to be more robust and produce larger plants with larger berries.<ref>Darrow, George M. ''The Strawberry: History, Breeding and Physiology''. New York. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1966. [http://www.nal.usda.gov/pgdic/Strawberry/darpubs.htm online text] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826020754/http://www.nal.usda.gov/pgdic/Strawberry/darpubs.htm |date=2013-08-26 }}</ref>

The oldest fossils confidently classifiable as ''Fragaria'' are from the [[Miocene]] of Poland. Fossilised ''Fragaria'' achenes are also known from the [[Pliocene]] of China.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Huang |first1=Yong-Jiang |last2=Zhu |first2=Hai |last3=Momohara |first3=Arata |last4=Jia |first4=Lin-Bo |last5=Zhou |first5=Zhe-Kun |date=March 2019 |title=Fruit fossils of Rosoideae (Rosaceae) from the late Pliocene of northwestern Yunnan, Southwest China |journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution |language=en |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=180–189 |doi=10.1111/jse.12443 |s2cid=89751967 |issn=1674-4918|doi-access=free |bibcode=2019JSyEv..57..180H }}</ref>

===Diploid species===
[[Image:Fragaria daltoniana.jpg|thumb|''[[Fragaria daltoniana]]'', a species from the Himalayas]]
[[Image:Fragaria vesca 2.jpg|thumb|Woodland strawberry (''[[Fragaria vesca]]''), a Northern Hemisphere species]]
[[Image:Fragarianilgerrensis.jpg|thumb|Flower of ''[[Fragaria nilgerrensis]]'', an Asian species]]
[[File:Sosnovka Bekovo 2014 Wild Strawberries.jpg|thumb|Wild strawberries (''[[Fragaria viridis]]'') from [[Sosnovka, Bekovsky District, Penza Oblast|Sosnovka]], Penza Oblast, Russia]]
[[File:Fragaria viridis fruit - Keila.jpg|thumb|''[[Fragaria viridis]]'' fruit photographed in [[Keila]], [[Estonia]]]]

* [[Fragaria × bifera|''Fragaria'' × ''bifera'']] <small>Duchesne</small> - ''F. vesca'' × ''F. viridis'' (Europe)
*''[[Fragaria bucharica]]'' <small>[[Agnia Losina-Losinskaja|Losinsk.]]</small> (China)
*''[[Fragaria chinensis]]'' <small>Losinsk</small> (China)
*''[[Fragaria daltoniana]]'' <small>J.Gay</small> (Himalayas)
* ''[[Fragaria emeiensis]]'' Jia J. Lei (China)
*''[[Fragaria gracilis]]'' <small>Losinsk.</small> (China)
*''[[Fragaria hayatae]]'' <small>Makino</small> (Taiwan)
*''[[Fragaria iinumae]]'' <small>Makino</small> (East Russia, Japan)
*''[[Fragaria mandshurica]]'' <small>Staudt</small> (China)
*''[[Fragaria nilgerrensis]]'' <small>Schlecht. ex J.Gay</small> ([[South Asia|South]] and [[Southeast Asia]])
*''[[Fragaria nipponica]]'' <small>[[Tomitaro Makino|Makino]]</small> (Korea, Japan)
*''[[Fragaria nubicola]]'' <small>[[John Lindley|Lindl.]] ex [[Charles Carmichael Lacaita|Lacaita]]</small> ([[Himalayas]])
*''[[Fragaria pentaphylla]]'' <small> Losinsk.</small> (China)
*''[[Fragaria vesca]]'' <small>[[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]</small> - woodland strawberry ([[Northern Hemisphere]])
*''[[Fragaria viridis]]'' <small>[[Antoine Nicolas Duchesne|Duchesne]]</small> (Europe, Central Asia)
===Tetraploid species===

* ''[[Fragaria corymbosa]]'' <small>Losinsk.</small> (northern China)
* [[Fragaria × intermedia|''Fragaria'' × ''intermedia'']] <small>(Bach) Beck</small> (Europe)

*''[[Fragaria moupinensis]]'' <small>Cardot</small> (China)
*''[[Fragaria orientalis]]'' <small>Losinsk.</small> (Eastern Asia, Eastern Siberia)
*''[[Fragaria tibetica]]'' Staudt & Dickoré (China)

===Pentaploid hybrids===
*[[Fragaria × bringhurstii|''Fragaria'' × ''bringhurstii'']] <small>Staudt</small> ([[Pacific coast#North America|coast]] of California)

===Hexaploid species===
*''[[Fragaria moschata]]'' <small>[[Antoine Nicolas Duchesne|Duchesne]]</small> - musk strawberry (Europe)

===Octoploid species and hybrids===
*[[Fragaria × ananassa|''Fragaria'' × ''ananassa'']] <small>[[Antoine Nicolas Duchesne|Duchesne]] ex Rozier</small> - garden strawberry, pineapple strawberry
*''[[Fragaria chiloensis]]'' <small>([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) Mill.</small> - beach strawberry (Western [[Americas]])
**''Fragaria chiloensis'' subsp. ''chiloensis'' forma ''chiloensis''
**''Fragaria chiloensis'' subsp. ''chiloensis'' forma ''patagonica'' ([[Argentina]], [[Chile]])
**''Fragaria chiloensis'' subsp. ''lucida'' <small>(E. Vilm. ex Gay) Staudt</small> ([[Pacific coast#North America|coast]] of [[British Columbia]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], [[Oregon]], [[California]])
**''Fragaria chiloensis'' subsp. ''pacifica'' <small>Staudt</small> (coast of [[Alaska]], British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California)
**''Fragaria chiloensis'' subsp. ''sandwicensis'' <small>([[Joseph Decaisne|Decne.]]) Staudt</small> - ''{{okina}}ōhelo papa'' ([[Hawaii|Hawai{{okina}}i]])
*''[[Fragaria virginiana]]'' <small>[[Philip Miller|Mill.]]</small> - Virginia strawberry ([[North America]])

===Decaploid species and hybrids===
*''[[Fragaria cascadensis]]'' <small>K.E. Hummer</small> (Cascade Mountains in [[Oregon]])<ref>{{cite journal |author-last=Hummer |author-first=K.E. |date=2012 |url=http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publications.htm?seq_no_115=276470 |title=A new species of Fragaria (Roseaceae) from Oregon |journal=Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=9–15 |access-date=2012-06-10}}</ref>
*''[[Fragaria iturupensis]]'' <small>Staudt</small> - Iturup strawberry ([[Iturup]], [[Kuril Islands]])
*[[Fragaria × Comarum hybrids|''Fragaria'' × ''Comarum'' hybrids]]
*''[[Fragaria × vescana]]''

=== Polyploidy unknown ===

* ''[[Fragaria tayulinensis]]'' <small>S.S.Ying</small> (Taiwan)

===Uncategorized hybrids===
*'Lipstick' (''Fragaria'' × ''Comarum'' hybrid), red-flowered runnering ornamental, sparse small globular fruits.
*''[[Fragaria vesca]]'' and certain other diploid species can be hybridized and produce fertile offspring (although ''[[Fragaria nilgerrensis]]'' appears less compatible).<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://journal.ashspublications.org/content/130/3/418.full.pdf |title=Interspecific Hybridization of Fragaria vesca subspecies with F. nilgerrensis, F. nubicola, F. pentaphylla, and F. viridis |first1=R.H. |last1=Bors |first2=J.A. |last2=Sullivan |date=2005 |journal=J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. |volume=130 |issue=3 |pages=418–423|doi=10.21273/JASHS.130.3.418 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
*''[[Fragaria moschata]]'' can hybridize with diploid species such as ''[[Fragaria viridis]]'' and ''[[Fragaria nubicola]]'' but producing a lower proportion of viable seeds.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://hortsci.ashspublications.org/content/31/4/610.2 |title=Production of Interspecific Hybrids between Hexaploid Fragaria moschata and the diploid species F. nubicola and F. viridis. |first1=Robert H. |last1=Bors |first2=J. Alan |last2=Sullivan |date=August 1996 |journal=HortScience|volume=31|issue=4|pages=610|doi=10.21273/HORTSCI.31.4.610b |doi-access=free }}</ref>
*''[[Fragaria moschata]]'' can hybridize with [[Strawberry|''Fragaria'' × ''ananassa'']].<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Karp |first=David |date=July 2006 |url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/berried-treasure-120534521 |title=Berried Treasure |magazine=Smithsonian Magazine }}</ref>