Editing Four temperaments (section)

== Usage ==
The 18th-century classical composer [[Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach]] composed a trio sonata in C minor known as ''Sanguineus et Melancholicus'' (Wq 161/1). In the 20th century, [[Carl Nielsen]]'s [[Symphony No. 2 (Nielsen)|Symphony No. 2]] (Op.16) is subtitled "The Four Temperaments", each of the four movements being inspired by a sketch of a particular temperament.<ref>{{cite book |title=Symphony No. 2 |editor1-last=Foltmann |editor1-first=Niels Bo |year=1998 |work=Carl Nielsen Works |series=II. Instrumental Music |volume=2 |publisher=The [[Carl Nielsen Edition]], Royal Danish Library |ismn = 979-0-66134-000-3 |isbn=978-87-598-0913-6 |url=http://www.kb.dk/export/sites/kb_dk/da/nb/dcm/cnu/pdf/CNU_II_02_symphony_2.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016161615/http://www.kb.dk/export/sites/kb_dk/da/nb/dcm/cnu/pdf/CNU_II_02_symphony_2.pdf |archive-date=16 October 2014 |url-status=dead|ref={{harvid|''Carl Nielsen Edition: Symphony No. 2''}}}}</ref> [[Paul Hindemith]]'s Theme and Four Variations for string orchestra and piano is also known as ''[[The Four Temperaments]]'': although originally conceived as a ballet for [[Léonide Massine]],<ref name="Corleonis">{{cite web |last1=Corleonis |first1=Adrian |title=Paul Hindemith, Theme and Variations, 'Die vier Temperamente' (The Four Temperaments) |date=19 November 2007 |url=https://americansymphony.org/concert-notes/theme-and-variations-die-vier-temperamente-the-four-temperaments-1940/ |publisher=American Symphony Orchestra |access-date=1 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Hindemith|first=Paul|url=https://petruccimusiclibrary.ca/files/imglnks/caimg/c/c2/IMSLP339925-PMLP548282-hindemithTheFourTempermentsscore.pdf|title=Theme and Four Variations (The Four Temperaments)|publisher=Associated Music Publishers|year=1948|isbn=|location=New York |pages=}}</ref> the score was ultimately completed as a commission for [[George Balanchine]], who subsequently choreographed it as a [[neoclassical ballet]], using the theory of the temperaments as a point of departure.<ref name=Cambridge>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iy8SRnmE9ZEC|title=The Cambridge Companion to Ballet|last=Kant|first=Marion|date= 2007|isbn=9781139827195|pages=231–232|publisher=Cambridge University Press }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G5hsMD9IsWEC|title=Balanchine's Complete Stories of the Great Ballets|last1=Balanchine|first1=George|last2=Mason|first2=Francis|date=1977|publisher=Doubleday |isbn=9780385113816|page=253 }}</ref>

The 19th-century French author [[Émile Zola]] used the four temperaments as a basis for his novel ''[[Thérèse Raquin#Temperaments|Thérèse Raquin]]''.<ref>Zola, Preface to ''Thérèse Raquin''.</ref>