Editing Fountain pen (section)

===European reservoir models===
[[Image:Schwenter - Deliciae physico-mathematicae oder Mathemat. und philosophische Erquickstunden, 1636 - 4696404.tif|thumb|''Deliciae physico-mathematicae'', 1636]]
The fountain pen was available in Europe in the 17th century and is shown by contemporary references. In ''Deliciae Physico-Mathematicae'' (a 1636 magazine), [[Germans|German]] inventor [[Daniel Schwenter]] described a pen made from two [[quill]]s. One quill served as a reservoir for [[ink]] inside the other quill. The ink was sealed inside the quill with [[cork (material)|cork]]. Ink was squeezed through a small hole to the writing point.<ref>Schwenter, Daniel, ''Deliciae physico-mathematicae'' … (Nürnberg, (Germany): Jeremias Dümler, 1636), vol. 1, [https://books.google.com/books?id=wINSAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA519 pp. 519–520]  ''"Die III Auffgab. Ein schön Secret, eine Feder zu zurichten, welche Dinten hält, und so viel lässet als man bedürfftig."'' (The third exercise. A nice secret: to prepare a pen which holds ink and lets [flow] as much as one requires. [with illustration])</ref> In 1663 [[Samuel Pepys]] referred to a metal pen "to carry ink".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Pepys|first1=Samuel|title=Diary entries from August 1663 (Pepys' Diary)|date=August 1663|publisher=Samuel Pepys|url=http://www.pepysdiary.com/archive/1663/08/|access-date=27 July 2016|archive-date=19 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019052127/http://www.pepysdiary.com/archive/1663/08/|url-status=live}}</ref> Noted Maryland historian Hester Dorsey Richardson (1862–1933) documented a reference to "three silver fountain pens, worth 15 shillings" in England during the reign of [[Charles II of England|Charles II]], c. 1649–1685.<ref name="Hester Dorsey Richardson 1913, pp. 216-217">{{Cite book|first=Hester Dorsey|last= Richardson|chapter=Chapter XLVII: The Fountain Pen in the Time of Charles II |title=Side-lights on Maryland History, with Sketches of Early Maryland Families|publisher=Williams & Wilkins Co.|location= Baltimore, Md.|year=1913|pages= 216–17|isbn=0-8063-1468-0}}</ref> By the early 18th century such pens were already commonly known as "fountain pens".<ref>Matthew Henry, ''Commentary on the Whole Bible'', Zechariah iv. 2 (1710), describing a type of self-replenishing oil lamp: "Without any further Care they [i.e. the lamps] received Oil as fast as they wasted it, ('as in those which we call Fountain Inkhorns, or Fountain Pens')".</ref> Hester Dorsey Richardson also found a 1734 notation made by Robert Morris the elder in the ledger of the expenses of [[Robert Morris (financier)|Robert Morris the younger]], who was at the time in [[Philadelphia]], for "one fountain pen".<ref name="Hester Dorsey Richardson 1913, pp. 216-217"/> Perhaps the best-known reference, however, is that of [[Nicholas Bion]] (1652–1733), whose illustrated description of a "plume sans fin" was published in 1709 in his treatise published in English in 1723 as "The Construction and Principal Uses of Mathematical Instruments". The earliest datable pen of the form described by Bion is inscribed 1702, while other examples bear French hallmarks as late as the early 19th century.