Editing Foreign relations of Niger (section)

==Bilateral relations==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;" | Country
! style="width:12%;" | Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|-
|{{Flag|Algeria}}
|12 March 1965
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 March 1965 when the government of Niger has agreed to the nomination of M. Ali Abdellaoui as Algeria's Ambassador in Niamey with residence in Abidjan<ref name=":13">{{Cite book |title=Africa Research Bulletin |publisher=Blackwell |year=1965 |pages=256}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Angola}}
|28 August 1980
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 August 1980 when Ambassador of Niger to Angola Mr. Joseph Diatta presented his letters of credentials to President M. Jose Eduardo Dos Santos.<ref name=":21">{{Cite book |title=Le Mois en Afrique Issues 170-179 |publisher=Le Mois en Afrique |year=1980 |pages=138 |language=fr}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Austria}}
|30 January 1965
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 January 1965 when has been appointed Ambassador of Niger to Austria (resident in Bonn) Mr. Abdou Sidikou.<ref name=":12">{{Cite book |title=Bulletin de l'Institut international de droit des pays d'expression française Issues 1-9 |publisher=The Institut |year=1965 |pages=68 |language=fr}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Belgium}}
|22 September 1961
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 September 1961 when first Ambassador of Belgium to Niger , M.Gérard Walravens presented his credentials to President Diori Hamani.<ref name=":7">{{Cite book |title=Bulletin de la Chambre de commerce, d'agriculture, d'industrie et d'artisanat du Niger Issues 64-79 |publisher=1961 |pages=A-25 |language=fr}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Benin}}||<!--Date started-->||
Despite the occasional recurrence of a border conflict over [[Lété Island]] in the [[Niger River]], [[Benin]] and Niger, both former French subjects of [[French West Africa]], relations are close.  Niger relies on the port at [[Cotonou]], and to a lesser degree [[Lomé]] ([[Togo]]), and [[Port Harcourt]] ([[Nigeria]]), as its main route to overseas trade.  Niger operates a Nigerien Ports Authority station, as well as customs and tax offices in a section of Cotonou's port, so that imports and exports can be directly transported between [[Gaya, Niger|Gaya]] and the port. French Uranium mines in [[Arlit]], which produce Niger's largest exports by value, travel through this port to France or the world market.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Canada}}||27 April 1962||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1962<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |title=A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019 |url=https://www.cgai.ca/a_guide_to_canadian_diplomatic_relations_1925_2019#Beginnings |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=Canadian Global Affairs Institute}}</ref>
* Canada is accredited to Niger from its embassy in [[Bamako]], [[Mali]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.international.gc.ca/country-pays/mali/index.aspx?lang=eng|title=Canada and Mali|first=Global Affairs|last=Canada|date=August 27, 2019|website=GAC}}</ref>
* Niger is accredited to Canada from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref name="DC">{{Cite web|url=http://www.embassyofniger.org/|title=Embassy of Niger to the United States of America – Embassy of Niger to the United States of America}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Central African Republic}}
|9 May 1981
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 May 1981 when first Ambassador of Niger to Central African Republic with residence in Yaounde Mr. Moustapha Tahi , presented his credentials to President David Dacko.<ref name=":23">{{Cite book |title=Le mois en Afrique - Issues 182-187 |publisher=1981 |pages=159 |language=fr}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Chad}}||<!--Date started-->||

* Chad has an embassy in [[Niamey]].
* Niger has an embassy in [[N'Djamena]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|China}}||20 July 1974||See [[China–Niger relations]]

China established diplomatic relations with Niger on July 20, 1974. On June 19, 1992, the transitional government of Niger declared the reestablishment of the "diplomatic relations" with [[Taiwan]]. The Chinese Government thus announced its suspension of diplomatic relations with Niger on July 30 of the same year. On August 19, 1996, China and Niger re-established diplomatic relations.<ref name=":18">{{Cite web |title=Niger |url=http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/focac/183430.htm |access-date=22 April 2024 |website=china.org.cn}}</ref>
* China has an embassy in Niamey.
* Niger has an embassy in [[Beijing]].
|-
|{{Flag|Ethiopia}}
|6 October 1965
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 1965 when first Ambassador of Ethiopia to Niger (resident in Lagos) Mr. Davit Abdou presented his credentials<ref name=":14">{{Cite book |title=Bulletin de l'Afrique noire - Issues 389-398 |publisher=La Documentation africaine |year=1965 |language=fr}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|France}}||4 August 1960

|See [[France–Niger relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 August 1960<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Liste chronologique des ambassadeurs, envoyes extraordinaires, ministres plenipotentiaires et charges d'affaires de France a etranger depuis 1945 |url=https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/maep0035-0120_cle8a5377.pdf |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=diplomatie.gouv.fr}}</ref>

Niger has maintained close ties with France, its former colonial power. Following Niger's independence in 1960, France maintained several hundred advisers at all levels of Niger's government and military. In the 1960s, the [[Military of Niger]] was drawn entirely from Nigerien former members of the [[French Colonial Forces]]: officered by Frenchmen who agreed to take joint French-Nigerien citizenship.  In 1960 there were only ten African officers in the Nigerien army, all of low rank. President Diori signed legislation to end the employment of expatriate military officers in 1965, some continued to serve until the 1974 coup, when all French military presence was evacuated.<ref>for the section ''History of the FAN prior to 1974'', see Samuel Decalo. ''Historical Dictionary of Niger'' (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press, London and New Jersey (1979). {{ISBN|0-8108-1229-0}} pp.33?35.</ref>  As well, the French had maintained until 1974 around 1,000 troops of the 4th ''Régiment Interarmes d'Outre-Mer'' <ref>[http://www.troupesdemarine.org/traditions/unites/histo/hs000174.htm 4e Régiment Interarmes d'Outre-Mer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317115242/http://www.troupesdemarine.org/traditions/unites/histo/hs000174.htm |date=2016-03-17 }}: the 4th RIAOM was dissolved after leaving Niger.</ref> ([[Troupes de Marine]]) with bases at [[Niamey]], [[Zinder]], [[Bilma]] and [[Agadez]]. In 1979 a smaller French force was again based permanently in Niger.<ref>Samuel Decalo. ''Coups and Army Rule in Africa'', Yale University Press (1990). {{ISBN|0-300-04045-8}}</ref>

Franco-Nigerien relations continue to be close, with France as Niger's top export partner (in value), and the French government being almost entirely dependent upon Niger for the [[Uranium]] which fuels its extensive Nuclear Power system, mined in the northern town of [[Arlit]].<ref>Decalo (1997).</ref>

* France has an embassy in Niamey.
* Niger has an embassy in [[Paris]].
|-
|{{Flag|Gabon}}
|22 April 1968
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 April 1968 when Gabon's first Ambassador to Niger , M. Moktar Abdoulaye Mbingt , presented his credentials to President Diori.<ref name=":17">{{Cite book |title=Africa Research Bulletin |publisher=Blackwell |year=1968 |pages=1033}}</ref>
|-
|{{GER}}
|2 August 1960
|See [[Germany–Niger relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 August 1960<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |title=Bulletin des Presse- und Informationsamtes der Bundesregierung Issues 119-243 |publisher=Germany (West). Presse- und Informationsamt |year=1960 |pages=1540 |language=de |quote=Das Auswärtige Amt teilt mit: Botschafter Theodor-Axenfeld ist am 2. August 1960 von Seiner Exzellenz, dem Minister-präsidenten der Republik Niger, Herrn Hamani Diori, ... zur Überreichung seiner Beglaubigungsschreiben als Botschafter der Bundesrepublik Deutschland.}}</ref>
* Germany has an embassy in Niamey.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Amt |first=Auswärtiges |title=Deutsche Vertretungen in Niger |url=https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/de/aussenpolitik/laender/niger-node/niger/226372 |access-date=2022-10-15 |website=Auswärtiges Amt |language=de}}</ref>
* Niger has an embassy in [[Berlin]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Amt |first=Auswärtiges |title=Vertretungen Nigers in Deutschland |url=https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/de/aussenpolitik/laender/niger-node/vertretungenniger/226376 |access-date=2022-10-15 |website=Auswärtiges Amt |language=de}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Ghana}}
|24 August 1961
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 August 1961 when has been appointed first Ambassador of Niger to Ghana M. Tanimoune Ary.<ref name=":6">{{Cite book |title=Bulletin de la Chambre de commerce, d'agriculture, d'industrie et d'artisanat du Niger Issues 64-79 |publisher=Chambre de commerce, d'agriculture, d'industrie et d'artisanat du Niger |year=1961 |pages=A-8 |language=fr}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|India}}||18 July 1977||See [[India–Niger relations]]
* India has an embassy in Niamey.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indian-visa.in/|title=e-Visa Inde - Formulaire 2021 - Document officiel|website=🇮🇳 e-Visa Inde|access-date=2021-06-17|archive-date=2021-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226083247/https://www.indian-visa.in/|url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mea.gov.in/indian-mission.htm?156/156/0|title=MEA &#124; Indian Missions Abroad &#124; Indian Mission|website=mea.gov.in}}</ref>
* Niger maintains an embassy in [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.embassypages.com/missions/embassy23271/|title=ShieldSquare Captcha}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Italy}}||23 September 1961||
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 September 1961 when first Ambassador of Italy to Niger M. Renzo Luigi Romanelli , presented his credentials to President of Niger Diori Hamani.<ref name=":8">{{Cite book |title=Bulletin de la Chambre de commerce, d'agriculture, d'industrie et d'artisanat du Niger Issues 64-79 |publisher=Chambre de commerce, d'agriculture, d'industrie et d'artisanat du Niger |year=1961 |pages=A-25 |language=fr}}</ref>

In December 2017, Prime Minister [[Paolo Gentiloni]] announced that 470 Italian soldiers would be deployed to Niger in an effort to mitigate the [[European migrant crisis]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Agence France-Presse |author-link=Agence France-Presse |website=[[The Local]] |date=December 28, 2017 |access-date=December 29, 2017 |url=https://www.thelocal.it/20171228/italy-to-send-almost-500-troops-to-niger-to-stem-migrant-flow-pm |title=Italy to send almost 500 troops to Niger to stem migrant flow: PM
}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Kenya}}
|12 May 1981
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 May 1981 when Ambassador of Niger to Kenya presented his credentials to President Daniel Arap Moi.<ref name=":23"/>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Kosovo}}||25 January 2013||
Niger officially recognised the [[Republic of Kosovo]] on 15 August 2011.<ref name="Kosovo Recognition">[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,896 The Republic of Niger and the Republic of Guinea Conakry recognize Kosovo’s independence], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2011-08-16</ref> Kosovo and Niger established diplomatic relations on 25 January 2013.<ref name=":24">{{cite web |date=25 January 2013 |title=Republika e Kosovës dhe Republika e Nigerit vendosin marrëdhëniet diplomatike |url=http://www.ambasada-ks.net/fr/?page=1,8,73 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208084400/http://www.ambasada-ks.net/fr/?page=1,8,73 |archive-date=8 February 2013 |access-date=20 April 2024 |website=Ambasada e Republikës së Kosovës në Paris |language=sq}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Lebanon}}
|11 March 1962
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 March 1962, when first Lebanese Ambassador to Niger presented his creentials to President Hamani Diori<ref name=":9">{{Cite book|title=Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts, Issues 50-51|publisher=United States. Central Intelligence Agency|year=1962|pages=7}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Libya}}|| 17 November 1965||See [[Libya–Niger relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 November 1965.<ref name=":16">{{Cite book |title=Africa Research Bulletin |publisher=Blackwell |year=1965 |pages=396}}</ref>
* [[Libya]] has an embassy in [[Niamey]].
*Niger has an embassy in [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]].
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|{{flag|Mali}}||1 August 1962||
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1962<ref name=":11">{{Cite book |title=Monde colonial illustré Volume 39, Issues 383-392 |publisher=Société nouvelle des Editions France Outremer S.A. |year=1961 |pages=73 |language=fr |quote=M. Touré Hangadoumbou, délégué permanent du Mali auprès du Niger, a présenté ses lettres de créance au Président Diori Hamani}}</ref>

Niger has close relations with its neighbour [[Mali]], with large scale trade links and sizable population movement between the two nations. Both were subject states in [[French West Africa]]. Niger and Mali have fought related [[Tuareg people|Tuareg]] insurgencies in their respective northern territories in the 1990s and mid-2000s.

[[File:FrontiereBeninNiger.jpg|thumb|right|The road border entering Niger from [[Benin]] at [[Gaya, Niger|Gaya]].  Niger relies on its neighbors, especially Benin and [[Nigeria]] for seaports which provide access to world markets.]]
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|{{flag|Mexico}}||6 November 1975||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 November 1975<ref name=":20">{{Cite web |title=Hoy conmemoramos el 47 aniversario de relaciones diplomáticas entre México y Níger |url=https://twitter.com/SRE_mx/status/1589226097056645120?s=20 |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores de México |language=es}}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Niger from its embassy in [[Abuja]], [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/nigeria/index.php/es/|title=Inicio|website=embamex.sre.gob.mx}}</ref>
* Niger is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref name="DC" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Nigeria}}||8 June 1961

|See [[Niger–Nigeria relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 June 1961 when M. Elhad Camatte Hammodon Maiga, ambassador of Niger to Nigeria presented his letters of credentials to the Governor General Azikiwe<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |title=Europe, France outremer - Issues 371-381 |publisher=1960 |pages=42 |language=fr}}</ref>

Nigeria maintains close relations with the Republic of Niger, in part because both nations share a large [[Hausa people|Hausa]] minority on each side of their {{convert|1500|km|mi|abbr=on}} border. Hausa language and cultural ties are strong, but there is little interest in a pan-Hausa state.<ref>William F. S. Miles. "Development, not division: local versus external perceptions of the Niger-Nigeria boundary". ''The Journal of Modern African Studies'' (2005), 43:2:297-320</ref> The two nations formed the Nigeria-Niger Joint Commission for Cooperation (NNJC), established in March, 1971 with its Permanent Secretariat in Niamey, Niger.<ref>[http://thegef.org/Documents/Council_Documents/GEF_C23/MFA_-_Regional_-_Annex_2.pdf INTEGRATED ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT IN SHARED CATCHMENTS BETWEEN NIGERIA AND NIGER] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180421094607/http://www.thegef.org/Documents/Council_Documents/GEF_C23/MFA_-_Regional_-_Annex_2.pdf |date=2018-04-21 }} EGEF Council Documents, MFA Regional Annex, 2006.</ref>

* Niger has an embassy in [[Abuja]].
* Nigeria has an embassy in Niamey.

|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Pakistan}}||15 October 1965||
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 October 1965<ref name=":15">{{Cite book |title=Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts. no.201-205 |publisher=United States. Central Intelligence Agency |year=1965 |pages=15}}</ref>

Pakistan supports Niger's territorial and sovereign integrity and rejects Libya's advances as aggression. 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Spain}}||May 1965||See [[Niger–Spain relations]]
* Niger is accredited to Spain from its embassy in Paris, France.
* Spain has an embassy in Niamey.
|-
|{{flag|Turkey}}||30 March 1967||See [[Niger–Turkey relations]]
* [[Niger]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="Relations between Turkey and Niger">{{Cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Niger|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-niger.en.mfa}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Niamey]].<ref name="Relations between Turkey and Niger" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was US$72 million in 2019.<ref name="Relations between Turkey and Niger" />
|-
|{{Flag|Uganda}}
|8 April 1975
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 April 1975 when accredited first Ambassador of Niger to Uganda (resident in Addis Ababa) Mr. Oumarou Garba Youssaufou<ref name=":19">{{Cite book |title=Diplomatic List in Uganda and Other Representatives as at ... |publisher=Uganda. Ministry of Foreign Affairs |year=1981 |pages=6}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|United Kingdom}}
|3 August 1960
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 August 1960 when Mr. R. J. Stratton was appointment as Charge d'Affaires ad interim of the United Kingdom to Niger.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |title=The Times Cuttings: Africa West |publisher=xerography and published by University Microfilms. |year=1958}}</ref>
|- valign="top"

|{{flag|United States}}||3 August 1960

|See [[Niger–United States relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 August 1960<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Niger |url=https://history.state.gov/countries/niger |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=Office of the Historian}}</ref>

A conservative foreign policy has meant that under Niger's first president and—following military coup—the 1974&ndash;1991 military government, Niger maintained good relations with the United States, [[Israel]], and [[NATO]] governments in general. During the [[Cold War]], Niger maintained a non-confrontational attitude to the Soviet Union and its allies.<ref>Decalo (1997), Decalo (1990).</ref>

* Niger has an embassy in [[Washington, D.C.]]
* United States has an embassy in [[Niamey]].
|}