Editing Foreign relations of Iraq (section)

===Africa===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
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! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
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|{{flag|Algeria}}||1962, severed diplomatic relations 1979, restored September 2001||

* [[Algeria]] has an embassy in [[Baghdad]].
* [[Iraq]] has an embassy in [[Algiers]].

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|{{flag|Egypt}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Egypt–Iraq relations]]

Iraq's relations with the Arab and Middle Eastern world have been extremely varied. Relations between Iraq and [[Egypt]] violently ruptured in 1977, when the two nations broke relations with each other following Iraq's criticism of Egyptian President [[Anwar Sadat]]'s peace initiatives with [[Israel]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Ruysdael |first=Salomon |title=Speeches of Deception: Selected Speeches of Saddam Hussein |publisher=iUniverse |year=2004 |isbn=0595270395 |pages=328}}</ref> In 1978, [[Baghdad]] hosted an [[Arab League]] summit that condemned and ostracized Egypt for accepting the [[Camp David accords]].<ref name=":0" /> However, Egypt's strong material and diplomatic support for Iraq in the war with Iran led to warmer relations and numerous contacts between senior officials, despite the continued absence of ambassadorial-level representation.<ref name=":0" /> Since 1983, Iraq has repeatedly called for restoration of Egypt's "natural role" among Arab countries.<ref name=":0" /> In January 1984, Iraq successfully led Arab efforts within the OIC to restore Egypt's membership.<ref name=":0" /> However, Iraqi-Egyptian relations were broken in 1990 after Egypt joined the UN coalition that forced Iraq out of Kuwait.<ref name=":0" /> Relations have steadily improved in recent years, and Egypt is now one of Iraq's main trade partners (formerly under the [[Oil-for-Food Programme]]).<ref name=":0" />
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|{{flag|Libya}}||21 May 1955||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 May 1955 when Mr. Abdul Munim Gailani, Envoy Extraordinary and minister Plenipotentiary of Iraq to Libya presented his letters of credence.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/libya-from-foreign-office-files/FO%20540-6%20Libya%20Further%20correspondence%20%28Folder%205%29%201956/page/37/mode/1up?q=Libya+diplomatic+relations |title=Libya from Foreign Office files 1951-1956 |publisher=The National Archives (Kew, United Kingdom) |year=1951 |pages=37 |access-date=4 November 2023}}</ref>
* Iraq has an embassy in [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]].
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|{{flag|Nigeria}}||6 September 1961||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 September 1961 when Iraq opened its embassy in Lagos.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yitzhak Oron |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vzZ71Eh5QvMC&dq=first+ambassador+of+Iraq+to+Nigeria+arrived+and+open+embassy+...+1961&pg=PA294 |title=Middle East Record Volume 2, 1961 Volume 2 |publisher=Israel Oriental Society, The Reuven Shiloah Research Center |year=1961 |pages=294 |access-date=4 November 2023}}</ref>
* Iraq has an embassy in [[Abuja]].
* Nigeria has an embassy in Baghdad.
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|{{Flag|Somalia}}
|17 October 1966
|See [[Iraq–Somalia relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 October 1966 when Iraq opened its embassy in Mogadishu.<ref name=":3" />

Under the administrations of [[Siad Barre]] and [[Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr]], relations were exceptionally close, this close relationship carried on through [[Saddam Hussein]]'s tenure as well. Somalia supported the [[Yom Kippur War#Other countries|Arab coalition]] forces in the [[Yom Kippur War]] which included Iraq.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fouad |first=Israa Ahmed |date=April 24, 2024 |title=The Somali Ambassador congratulates the Egyptian President, government and people on the occasion of the 42nd anniversary of the liberation of Sinai |url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2024/4/24/%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%86%D8%A6-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7-%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8042/6554535 |work=Al-Youm al-Saba'a}}</ref>

Iraq supported Somalia in the [[Ogaden War]] and provided multifaceted support in terms of oil, armaments and even an expeditionary force to assist Somalia.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1977-09-03 |title=Ethiopians Say Arabs Help Somalia |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/09/03/archives/ethiopians-say-arabs-help-somalia.html |access-date=2024-05-06 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Somalia was suspected to be a source of [[fissile material]] for the [[Iraq WMDs|Iraqi nuclear weapons program]].<ref>{{Cite web |author-link=Director of Central Intelligence |date=October 2002 |title=Iraq's Continuing Programs for Weapons of Mass Destruction |url=https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB129/nie.pdf }}</ref>

*Somalia has an embassy in Baghdad.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Head of the Department of Arab Affairs Meets the Somali Ambassador to Iraq, Mr Liban Sheikh Mahmoud – Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of IRAQ |url=https://mofa.gov.iq/2022/29216/ |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=mofa.gov.iq}}</ref>
* Iraq had an embassy in [[Mogadishu]] and is slated to reopen it, in the meantime, it maintains a non-resident embassy in Nairobi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 February 2023 |title=Somali President extends an official invitation to Iraqi President |url=https://www.kurdistan24.net/en/story/30617-Somali-President-extends-an-official-invitation-to-Iraqi-President |work=Kurdistan 24}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Sudan}}||3 May 1956||
Sudan has an embassy in [[Baghdad]] and Iraq's embassy is in Khartoum.

During the [[Iran–Iraq War|war between Iraq and Iran]] in the 1980s, Sudan maintained a careful balancing act, calling for a cessation of hostilities but sympathizing with Iraq.<ref name="loc20152">{{citation-attribution|1={{Cite encyclopedia |title=Foreign Relations |encyclopedia=Sudan: a country study |publisher=[[Federal Research Division]], [[Library of Congress]] |location=Washington, D.C. |url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/cs/pdf/CS_Sudan.pdf |last=Shinn |first=David H. |date=2015 |editor-last=Berry |editor-first=LaVerle |edition=5th |pages=275–296 |isbn=978-0-8444-0750-0 }} Though published in 2015, this work covers events in the whole of Sudan (including present-day South Sudan) until the 2011 secession of South Sudan. |access-date=14 October 2020 |archive-date=7 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207192820/https://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/cs/pdf/CS_Sudan.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Sudan on several occasions offered to mediate the conflict.<ref name="loc20152" /> By 1988, Sudan called for an end to the war on the basis of [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 598]].<ref name="loc20152" /> Sudan supported Iraq's [[invasion of Kuwait]] in 1990, leading to a period of close relations with Baghdad.<ref name="loc20152" /> Iraq was believed to have supplied weapons to Sudan and in the mid-1990s agreed to help Sudan exploit its oil wealth.<ref name="loc20152" /> Although Sudan was trying to improve [[Sudan–United States relations|relations with the United States]] after the [[September 11 attacks|September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks]], it remained critical of the subsequent American-led [[2003 invasion of Iraq|invasion of Iraq]].<ref name="loc20152" /> Following the overthrow of the [[Ba'athist Iraq|Ba'athist regime]], however, Sudan's position on Iraq became more nuanced.<ref name="loc20152" /> On the one hand, it was quick to criticize the United States, which harshly condemned Sudan's record on human rights, for its double standard in dealing with prisoners in Iraq.<ref name="loc20152" /> It also advised Sudanese not to work with U.S. contractors in the country.<ref name="loc20152" /> By late 2004, however, Sudan's relations with the new Iraqi government had improved to the point that Iraq's foreign minister visited Khartoum and met with al-Bashir. Subsequently, Sudan generally avoided commenting on Iraq.<ref name="loc20152" />
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