Editing Flémalle (section)

=== Prehistory ===
{{See also|Schmerling Caves}}
[[File:Schmerling Caves02.JPG|thumb|The Schmerling Caves, near [[Engis]], in [[Awirs]].]]
The prehistoric and paleontological advancements we know today about the Flémalle region as well as the world, are due to Dr. [[Philippe-Charles Schmerling]], a professor from [[University of Liège]], who explored several caves in the Liège region including those at Chokier and [[Schmerling Caves]].<ref group="B">{{cite journal|language=French |author1=Hamal-Nadrin J. |author2=Servais J. |author3=Louis Maria |author4=Fourmarier Paul |author5=Fraipont Charles |author6=Leclercq Suzanne |title=Excavations in the terrace of the two caves of Fond-de-Forêt (Liège Province) 1931–1933 |journal=Bulletin de la Société préhistorique de France |volume=31 |number=11 |date=1934 }}</ref>
[[File:Schéma-situation-grottes Schmerling.jpg|thumb|Location of the Schmerling Caves.]]
They were named "Engis Caves" by Schmerling before being named in his honor. Schmerling believed the caves were located within the territory of the commune of Engis. They are known worldwide for being the site where the first Neanderthal-type fossil bone, [[Engis 2]], was discovered.<ref>{{cite web|title=Engis 2 &#124;The Smithsonian Institution's Human Origins Program |url=https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/fossils/engis-2 |website=humanorigins.si.edu |date=January 1829 |access-date=2021-02-26}}.</ref> He also discovered the second fossil deposit of ''[[Homo sapiens]]'' in these caves. Other bones of this type were only found in [[Wales]]<ref>{{cite web|language=en |title=The 'Red Lady' of Paviland |url=https://oumnh.ox.ac.uk/red-lady-of-paviland-0 |website=oumnh.ox.ac.uk |access-date=2021-02-26}}.</ref> at that time.

There was a second cave, but it has collapsed. The site is listed on the Exceptional Heritage List of the Walloon Region. The discovery of the [[Schmerling Caves]] dates back to 1929.

The other cave in the commune, located in the entity of Ivoz-Ramet, is the Ramioul Cave. It was discovered in 1911 by Les Chercheurs de la Wallonie. Various excavations have uncovered several layers corresponding to successive occupations between 70,000 BC ([[Neanderthal]]s) and 2300 BC with [[Aurignacian]] and [[Mousterian]] remains.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://biodiversite.wallonie.be/cgi/sibw.sgib.form.pl?SGIBCODE=2241 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130628005000/http://biodiversite.wallonie.be/cgi/sibw.sgib.form.pl?SGIBCODE=2241 |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 June 2013 |title=Inventory of sites of great biological interest – The Ramioul Cave. |website=biodiversite.wallonie.be }}.</ref> The cave belongs to the Préhistomuseum, one of the largest European museums on Prehistory.