Editing Ferdinand VI (section)

==Reign==
When Ferdinand came to the throne in 1746, Spain was embroiled in the [[War of the Austrian Succession]], which ended with little benefit for Spain. He started his reign by eliminating the influence of his stepmother and her group of Italian courtiers. As king he followed a steady policy of neutrality in the conflict between the [[Kingdom of France]] and the [[Kingdom of Great Britain]]. He refused to be tempted by the offers of either kingdom into declaring war on the other.<ref name="EB1911" />

Prominent figures during his reign were [[Zenón de Somodevilla, 1st Marqués de la Ensenada|Marquis of Ensenada]], a Francophile; and [[José de Carvajal y Lancáster]], a supporter of the alliance with Great Britain. The fight between both ended in 1754 with the death of Carvajal and the fall of Ensenada, after which [[Ricardo Wall]] became the most powerful advisor to the monarch.

===Reforms===
[[File:Un escudo à l'effigie de Ferdinand VI.jpg|thumb|Ferdinand VI of Spain]]
[[File:8 reales - Fernando VI - 1757.png|thumb|[[Silver coin]]: 8 reales of [[New Spain]], minted during the reign of Ferdinand VI]]
The most important tasks during the reign of Ferdinand VI were carried out by the Marquis of Ensenada, the [[Secretary of State (Ancient Regime in Spain)|Secretary of the Treasury, Navy and Indies]]. He suggested that the state help modernize the country. To him, this was necessary to maintain a position of exterior strength so that France and Great Britain would consider Spain as an ally without supposing Spain's renunciation of its claim to [[Gibraltar]].

A new model of the Treasury was suggested by Ensenada in 1749. He proposed substitution of the traditional taxes with a special tax, the [[cadastre]], that weighed the economic capacity of each contributor based on their property holdings. He also proposed a reduction of subsidies by the state to the Cortes and the army. The opposition by the nobility caused the abandonment of the project.

In 1752, the bank Giro Real was created. It favored the transfer of public and private funds outside of Spain keeping all of the foreign exchanges in the hands of the Royal Treasury, enriching the State. It is considered the predecessor to the [[Bank of Spain|Bank of San Carlos]], introduced during the reign of [[Charles III of Spain|Charles III]]. Commerce was stimulated in the Americas, in an attempt to end the monopoly in the Indies and eliminate the injustices of colonial commerce. Ferdinand leaned toward registered ships rather than fleets of ships. The new system consisted of the substitution of the fleets and galleons so that a Spanish ship, previously authorized, could conduct trade freely in the Americas. This increased revenues and decreased fraud. Even so, this system provoked many protests among merchants in the private sector.

According to Ensenada, a powerful navy was fundamental to power of an overseas empire and aspirations of being respected by France and Great Britain. He increased the navy's budget and expanded the capacity of the shipyards of [[Cádiz]], [[Ferrol, Spain|Ferrol]], [[Cartagena, Colombia|Cartagena]] and [[Havana]] which marked a commitment to extending the naval policies already underway in his predecessor's reign.

Church relations were really tense from start of the reign of Philip V because of the recognition of [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles of Austria]] as the King of Spain by the pope. A regalist policy was maintained that pursued as much political as fiscal objectives and whose decisive achievement was the Concord of 1753. From this the right of universal patronage was obtained from [[Pope Benedict XIV]], giving important economic benefits to the Crown and a great control over the clergy.

King Ferdinand helped create the [[Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando|Royal Academy of the Fine Arts of San Fernando]] in 1752. The noted composer [[Domenico Scarlatti]], music teacher to Queen Barbara, wrote many of his 555 [[harpsichord]] [[sonatas]] at Ferdinand's court.

===Ban on freemasonry===
{{see also|In eminenti apostolatus}}
In 1751, Ferdinand VI banned [[freemasonry in Spain]], following a [[papal ban on freemasonry|papal condemnation in 1738]]. During the reign of his successor, [[Charles III of Spain|Charles III]], freemasonry would make its return to Spain in a number of small lodges.<ref>{{cite book|last=Payne|first=Stanley G.|title=A History of Spain and Portugal|publisher=University of Wisconsin Press|volume=2|page=362|date=1973}}</ref>

===Foreign policy===
[[Image:FerdinandVIGoldCoin.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Half escudo gold coin of Ferdinand VI, dated 1756]]
During the [[War of the Austrian Succession]] and the [[Seven Years' War]], Spain reinforced its military might.

The main conflict was its confrontation with Portugal over the colony of [[Colonia del Sacramento|Sacramento]], from which British contraband was transferred down the [[Río de la Plata]]. In 1750 [[José de Carvajal y Lancáster|José de Carvajal]] helped Spain and Portugal strike a deal. Portugal agreed to renounce the colony and its claim to free navigation down the Río de la Plata. In return, Spain ceded to Portugal two regions on the Brazilian border, one in the Amazon and the other to the south, in which were seven of the thirty Jesuit Guaraní towns. The Spanish had to expel the missionaries, generating a [[Guaraní War|conflict with the Guaraní people]] that lasted eleven years.

The conflict over the towns provoked a crisis in the Spanish Court. Ensenada, favorable to the Jesuits, and Father Rávago, confessor of the King and members of the [[Society of Jesus]], were fired, accused of hindering the agreements with Portugal.

===Death===
During his last year of reign, Ferdinand VI was rapidly losing his mental capacity and he was held in the [[Castle of Villaviciosa de Odón]] until his death on 10 August 1759. That period of time between August 1758 and August 1759 is known in Spanish historiography as the year without a king, due to the absence of the royal figure as ruler. The cause of the disease is still debated. 
Some authors suggest that the king suffered a [[Depression (mood)|depressive]] episode. The death of his wife Barbara, who had been devoted to him, and who carefully abstained from political intrigue, broke his heart. Between the date of her death in August 1758 and his own on 10 August 1759, he fell into a state of prostration in which he would not even dress, but wandered unshaven, unwashed and in a nightgown about his park.<ref name="EB1911" />

Another opinion is that Ferdinand VI suffered a rapidly progressive clinical syndrome where behavioral disorganization with [[apathy]] and [[impulsivity]], loss of judgment, and [[epileptic seizures]] of the right [[frontal lobe]] semiology were predominant. This semiology is highly suggestive of a right frontal lobe syndrome.<ref>{{cite web|first1=Fernández Menéndez|last1=Santiago|title=Estudio de la enfermedad del rey Fernando VI|url=http://digibuo.uniovi.es/dspace/bitstream/10651/54075/2/TD_SantiagoFernandezMenendez.pdf|work=Tesis doctoral. Universidad de Oviedo}}</ref>

As the couple had no children, Ferdinand VI was succeeded as King by his half-brother [[Charles III of Spain|Charles III]].