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== Distribution and habitat == The fennec fox is distributed throughout the Sahara, from [[Morocco]] and [[Mauritania]] to northern [[Sudan]], through [[Egypt]] and its [[Sinai Peninsula]].<ref name=iucn/> It inhabits small sand dunes and vast treeless sand areas with sparse vegetation such as grasses, [[sedge]]s and small shrubs.<ref name=Asa_al2004/><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Karssene, Y. |name-list-style=amp |author2=Chammem, M. |author3=Li, F. |author4=Eddine, A. |author5=Hermann, A. |author6=Nouira, S. |year=2019 |title=Spatial and temporal variability in the distribution, daily activity and diet of fennec fox (''Vulpes zerda''), red fox (''Vulpes vulpes'') and African golden wolf (''Canis anthus'') in southern Tunisia |journal=Mammalian Biology |volume=95 |issue=1 |pages=41–50 |doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2019.02.001 |bibcode=2019MamBi..95...41K |s2cid=91615641 }}</ref> In the northern part of its range annual rainfalls have been recorded at <100 mm compared to 300 mm in its southern range.<ref name="iucn" /><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Kingdon |first1=Jonathan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e_OOAQAACAAJ |title=Mammals of Africa: Carnivores, pangolins, equids and rhinoceroses. Volume V |last2=Hoffmann |first2=Michael |date=2013 |publisher=Bloomsbury Pub. |isbn=978-1-4729-2695-1 |pages=74–77 |language=en}}</ref> The fennec fox's range likely overlaps with that of other canines such as the [[golden jackal]] and [[Rüppell's fox]]. Compared to these canids, the fennec fox seems to inhabit areas with more extreme climate and has been known to build burrows in grainier surfaces; this adaptation gives it an edge over competitors.<ref name="iucn" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Burruss |first=Nathan Dylan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SRPaoQEACAAJ |title=The Environmental Constraints of Rüppell's (Vulpes. Rueppellii), Pale (V. Pallida), and Fennec Foxes (V. Zerda), and Golden Jackals (Canis Aureus) Within the Termit & Tin Toumma Nature and Cultural Reserve and an Analysis of Pale Fox Food Habits |date=2014 |publisher=New Mexico State University |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Asa_al2004" />
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