Editing Fayetteville, Arkansas (section)

===Civil War and Reconstruction===
[[File:Headquarters House, Fayetteville, Arkansas.jpg|left|thumb|[[Headquarters House (Fayetteville, Arkansas)|"Colonel Tebbetts place"]] served as the headquarters for U.S. forces during the [[Battle of Fayetteville (1863)|Battle of Fayetteville]] and is a museum with exhibits about the [[American Civil War|conflict]].]]
During the Civil War, Union General [[Samuel Ryan Curtis]] occupied Fayetteville on February 18, 1862,<ref>{{cite book|title=Appletons' annual cyclopaedia and register of important events of the year: 1862|year=1863|publisher=D. Appleton & Company|location=New York|page=451|url=https://archive.org/stream/1862appletonsan02newyuoft#page/n458/mode/1up|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130426090104/https://archive.org/stream/1862appletonsan02newyuoft#page/n458/mode/1up|archive-date=April 26, 2013}}</ref>  and the next week, the [[Battle of Pea Ridge]] was fought northeast of Fayetteville. The city housed wounded soldiers from the [[Battle of Prairie Grove]] in December 1862, and housed injured troops on [[Dickson Street]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wappel |first1=Anthony J |last2=Simpson |first2=Ethel C |title=Once Upon Dickson, An Illustrated History, 1868–2000 |edition=First |year=2008 |publisher=Phoenix International |location=Fayetteville, AR |isbn=978-0-9768007-7-4 |page=85 }}</ref> Confederate troops [[Battle of Fayetteville (1863)|besieged Union soldiers in Fayetteville]] during the Battle of Fayetteville on April 18, 1863, at the present-day intersection of College Avenue ([[U.S. Route 71B (Northwest Arkansas)|U.S. Route 71B]]) and Dickson Street, and at the Union headquarters.<ref name="fh86" /> Union soldiers held the city against cannon fire and cavalry attacks, although their headquarters sustained damage.<ref>Mahan, Russell, The Battle of Fayetteville, April 18, 1863; Historical Enterprises, Santa Clara, Utah, 2019.</ref> 

The building was restored and is operated as the [[Headquarters House (Fayetteville, Arkansas)|Headquarters House]], a museum of the Washington County Historical Society.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Register of Historic Places |publisher=Arkansas Historical Preservation Program |location=Little Rock, Arkansas |url=http://www.arkansaspreservation.com/Default.aspx?PageID=15720599 |access-date=June 8, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103072441/http://www.arkansaspreservation.com/Default.aspx?PageID=15720599 |archive-date=January 3, 2018 }}</ref> Fayetteville was occupied from December 1862 until May 1865 (except May–September 1863) by the First Arkansas Union Cavalry, a regiment of Union men from Northwest Arkansas.<ref>Mahan, Russell L., Fayetteville, Arkansas, in the Civil War, Historical Byways, Bountiful, UT, 2003.</ref> Union forces repelled a Confederate attack in October 1864. After the war, the United States government established the [[Fayetteville National Cemetery]] in 1867. A cemetery for [[Fayetteville Confederate Cemetery|Confederate dead]] was founded in 1873.

[[File:South Fayetteville, Arkansas, early 1890s.png|right|thumb|South end of Fayetteville, {{c.}} 1890]]
Newspapers were established early; in 1859, [[Elias Cornelius Boudinot]], a young half-[[Cherokee]] attorney, and James Pettigrew founded ''The Arkansan.'' The ''Fayetteville Weekly Democrat'' began publishing in 1868. It later became the ''[[Northwest Arkansas Times]]'' and is still in print today. The [[Fayetteville Public Schools|Fayetteville Schools District]] was founded on March 20, 1871, as the first independent school district in Arkansas. The public school system was established by the [[Reconstruction era (United States)|Reconstruction era]] legislature; before the war, all education was private. Arkansas had struggled with [[History of Arkansas#Banking crisis|a state banking crisis]], resulting in the illegality of banking until 1868. After the reinstatement of banking, the Stark Bank became the first bank in the state in 1872, becoming the William McIlroy Bank four years later. The institution remains today as [[Arvest Bank]].