Editing Evidence-based medicine (section)

=== Evidence-based guidelines and policies ===
{{Main|Medical guideline}}
David M. Eddy first began to use the term 'evidence-based' in 1987 in workshops and a manual commissioned by the Council of Medical Specialty Societies to teach formal methods for designing clinical practice guidelines. The manual was eventually published by the [[American College of Physicians]].<ref name="eddy1992">{{cite book |author=Eddy DM |title=A Manual for Assessing Health Practices and Designing Practice Policies |publisher=American College of Physicians|date=1992 |isbn=978-0-943126-18-0 }}</ref><ref name="field">{{cite book|author=Institute of Medicine| veditors = Field MJ, Lohr KN |title=Clinical Practice Guidelines: Directions for a New Program |location=Washington, DC|publisher=National Academy of Sciences Press|year=1990|isbn=978-0-309-07666-1|page=32|url= http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=1626&page=32 |doi=10.17226/1626|pmid=25144032 |pmc=5310095}}</ref> Eddy first published the term 'evidence-based' in March 1990, in an article in the ''Journal of the American Medical Association ([[JAMA]])'' that laid out the principles of evidence-based guidelines and population-level policies, which Eddy described as "explicitly describing the available evidence that pertains to a policy and tying the policy to evidence instead of standard-of-care practices or the beliefs of experts. The pertinent evidence must be identified, described, and analyzed. The policymakers must determine whether the policy is justified by the evidence. A rationale must be written."<ref name="eddy6" /> He discussed evidence-based policies in several other papers published in ''JAMA'' in the spring of 1990.<ref name="eddy6">{{cite journal | vauthors = Eddy DM | title = Clinical decision making: from theory to practice. Practice policies—guidelines for methods | journal = JAMA | volume = 263 | issue = 13 | pages = 1839–1841 | date = April 1990 | pmid = 2313855 | doi = 10.1001/jama.263.13.1839 }}</ref><ref name="eddy7">{{cite journal | vauthors = Eddy DM | title = Clinical decision making: from theory to practice. Guidelines for policy statements: the explicit approach | journal = JAMA | volume = 263 | issue = 16 | pages = 2239–40, 2243 | date = April 1990 | pmid = 2319689 | doi = 10.1001/jama.1990.03440160101046 }}</ref> Those papers were part of a series of 28 published in ''JAMA'' between 1990 and 1997 on formal methods for designing population-level guidelines and policies.<ref name="eddy8">{{cite book |author=Eddy DM |title=Clinical Decision Making: From Theory to Practice. A Collection of Essays |publisher=American Medical Association |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-7637-0143-7}}</ref>