Editing Eutrophication (section)

===Cultural eutrophication===
Cultural or [[Human impact on the environment|anthropogenic]] eutrophication is the process that causes eutrophication because of human activity.<ref name="Smith">{{cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=Val H. |last2=Schindler |first2=David W. |date=2009 |title=Eutrophication science: Where do we go from here? |journal=Trends in Ecology & Evolution |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=201–207 |doi=10.1016/j.tree.2008.11.009 |pmid=19246117|bibcode=2009TEcoE..24..201S }}</ref><ref name=":7">[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/146210/cultural-eutrophication Cultural eutrophication] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504105403/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/146210/cultural-eutrophication |date=May 4, 2015 }} (2010) ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved April 26, 2010, from Encyclopedia Britannica Online:</ref> The problem became more apparent following the introduction of chemical fertilizers in agriculture (green revolution of the mid-1900s).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Smil|first=Vaclav|date=November 2000|title=Phosphorus in the Environment: Natural Flows and Human Interferences|journal=[[Annual Review of Energy and the Environment]]|volume=25|issue=1|pages=53–88|doi=10.1146/annurev.energy.25.1.53|doi-access=free|issn=1056-3466}}</ref> Phosphorus and nitrogen are the two main nutrients that cause cultural eutrophication as they enrich the water, allowing for some aquatic plants, especially algae to grow rapidly and bloom in high densities. Algal blooms can shade out benthic plants thereby altering the overall plant community.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Moss|first=Brian|date=1983|title=The Norfolk Broadland: Experiments in the Restoration of a Complex Wetland|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1469-185X.1983.tb00399.x|journal=Biological Reviews|language=en|volume=58|issue=4|pages=521–561|doi=10.1111/j.1469-185X.1983.tb00399.x|s2cid=83803387|issn=1469-185X|access-date=February 8, 2022|archive-date=February 8, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208192439/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1469-185X.1983.tb00399.x|url-status=live}}</ref> When [[algae]] die off, their degradation by bacteria removes oxygen, potentially, generating [[Anoxic waters|anoxic]] conditions. This anoxic environment kills off aerobic organisms (e.g. fish and invertebrates) in the water body. This also affects terrestrial animals, restricting their access to affected water (e.g. as drinking sources). Selection for algal and aquatic plant species that can thrive in nutrient-rich conditions can cause structural and functional disruption to entire aquatic ecosystems and their food webs, resulting in loss of habitat and species biodiversity.<ref name=":1" />

There are several sources of excessive nutrients from human activity including run-off from fertilized fields, lawns, and golf courses, untreated sewage and wastewater and internal combustion of fuels creating nitrogen pollution.<ref name=":5">Schindler, David W., Vallentyne, John R. (2008). ''The Algal Bowl: Overfertilization of the World's Freshwaters and Estuaries'', University of Alberta Press, {{ISBN|0-88864-484-1}}.</ref>  Cultural eutrophication can occur in fresh water and salt water bodies, shallow waters being the most susceptible. In shore lines and shallow lakes, sediments are frequently resuspended by wind and waves which can result in nutrient release from sediments into the overlying water, enhancing eutrophication.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Qin|first1=Boqiang|last2=Yang|first2=Liuyan|last3=Chen|first3=Feizhou|last4=Zhu|first4=Guangwei|last5=Zhang|first5=Lu|last6=Chen|first6=Yiyu|date=October 1, 2006|title=Mechanism and control of lake eutrophication|journal=Chinese Science Bulletin|language=en|volume=51|issue=19|pages=2401–2412|doi=10.1007/s11434-006-2096-y|bibcode=2006ChSBu..51.2401Q|s2cid=198137333|issn=1861-9541}}</ref> The deterioration of water quality caused by cultural eutrophication can therefore negatively impact human uses including potable supply for consumption, industrial uses and recreation.<ref>{{Citation|last1=Khan|first1=M. Nasir|title=Eutrophication: Challenges and Solutions|date=2014|work=Eutrophication: Causes, Consequences and Control: Volume 2|pages=1–15|editor-last=Ansari|editor-first=Abid A.|publisher=Springer Netherlands|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-94-007-7814-6_1|isbn=978-94-007-7814-6|last2=Mohammad|first2=Firoz|editor2-last=Gill|editor2-first=Sarvajeet Singh}}</ref>
[[File:Mono Lake sat zoomed.jpg|thumb|260x260px|The eutrophication of [[Mono Lake]], which is a [[cyanobacteria]]-rich [[soda lake]]]]