Editing Essential tremor (section)

===Genetic===
The main underlying cause of essential tremor is not clear, but many cases seem to be familial.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Deng H, Le W, Jankovic J | title = Genetics of essential tremor | journal = Brain | volume = 130 | issue = Pt 6 | pages = 1456–1464 | date = June 2007 | pmid = 17353225 | doi = 10.1093/brain/awm018 | doi-access = free }}</ref> About half of the cases are due to a genetic mutation and the pattern of inheritance is most consistent with [[autosomal]] [[Dominant gene|dominant]] transmission, meaning patients with Essential Tremor have around a 50% chance to pass it on to their children.<ref>{{cite book |title=Genes and Disease |date=1998 |publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information |chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22186/ |chapter=Essential tremor }}</ref> There are multiple gene mutations and presentations on various chromosomes that lead to Essential Tremor.<ref>{{cite web |title=Entry - #190300 - Tremor, Hereditary Essential, 1; ETM1 |url=https://omim.org/entry/190300 |website=OMIM }}</ref> These include genes present on chromosomes 1–3, 6, 11, and 16. Each presentation or mutation of different genes were associated with families from different regions. For example, presentation of a gene associated with Essential Tremor on chromosome 6 has been noted in North American families, while a Canadian family was noted with mutations in the fused in sarcoma/translated in liposarcoma (FUS/TLS) gene.<ref name=":3" /> Other mutations in genes such as the HTRA Serine Peptidase 2 ([[HTRA2]]) and the teneurin transmembrane protein 4 ([[TENM4 (gene)|TENM4]]), have been observed in a Turkish family and the Spanish population respectively.<ref name=":3" /> Recent ''post mortem'' studies have displayed alterations in the leucine-rich repeat and immunoglobulin-like domain-containing protein 1 (''[[LINGO1]]'') gene<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Delay C, Tremblay C, Brochu E, Paris-Robidas S, Emond V, Rajput AH, Rajput A, Calon F | title = Increased LINGO1 in the cerebellum of essential tremor patients | journal = Movement Disorders | volume = 29 | issue = 13 | pages = 1637–1647 | date = November 2014 | pmid = 24531928 | doi = 10.1002/mds.25819 | s2cid = 27331090 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kuo SH, Tang G, Louis ED, Ma K, Babji R, Balatbat M, Cortes E, Vonsattel JP, Yamamoto A, Sulzer D, Faust PL | title = Lingo-1 expression is increased in essential tremor cerebellum and is present in the basket cell pinceau | journal = Acta Neuropathologica | volume = 125 | issue = 6 | pages = 879–889 | date = June 2013 | pmid = 23543187 | pmc = 3663903 | doi = 10.1007/s00401-013-1108-7 }}</ref> and GABA receptors<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Paris-Robidas S, Brochu E, Sintes M, Emond V, Bousquet M, Vandal M, Pilote M, Tremblay C, Di Paolo T, Rajput AH, Rajput A, Calon F | title = Defective dentate nucleus GABA receptors in essential tremor | journal = Brain | volume = 135 | issue = Pt 1 | pages = 105–116 | date = January 2012 | pmid = 22120148 | doi = 10.1093/brain/awr301 | doi-access = free }}</ref> in the cerebellum of people with essential tremor. ''HAPT1 ''mutations have also been linked to ET, as well as to Parkinson's disease, [[multiple system atrophy]], and [[progressive supranuclear palsy]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Vilariño-Güell C, Soto-Ortolaza AI, Rajput A, Mash DC, Papapetropoulos S, Pahwa R, Lyons KE, Uitti RJ, Wszolek ZK, Dickson DW, Farrer MJ, Ross OA | title = MAPT H1 haplotype is a risk factor for essential tremor and multiple system atrophy | journal = Neurology | volume = 76 | issue = 7 | pages = 670–672 | date = February 2011 | pmid = 21321341 | pmc = 3053340 | doi = 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31820c30c1 }}</ref>