Editing Eris (mythology) (section)

==Judgement of Paris==
{{Main|Judgement of Paris}}
[[File:Enrique Simonet - El Juicio de Paris.jpg|thumb|right|''[[El Juicio de Paris (Simonet)|El Juicio de Paris]]'' by [[Enrique Simonet]], 1904]]
Eris plays a crucial role in one important myth. She was the initiator of the quarrel between the three Greek goddesses, [[Hera]], [[Athena]], and [[Aphrodite]], resolved by the [[Judgement of Paris]], which led to [[Paris (mythology)|Paris]]' abduction of [[Helen of Troy]] and the outbreak of the [[Trojan War]].<ref>Hard, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA30 p. 30]; Gantz, p. 9.</ref> As the story came to be told, all the gods were invited to the wedding of [[Peleus]] and [[Thetis]] except Eris. She came anyway but was refused admission. In anger, she threw a golden apple among the wedding guests inscribed with "For the fairest", which the three goddesses each claimed.<ref>Tripp, s.v. Eris.</ref>

[[Homer]] alludes to the Judgement of Paris, but with no mention of Eris.<ref>Gantz, p. 9; [[Homer]], ''[[Iliad]]'', [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/homer-iliad/1924/pb_LCL171.565.xml 24.27&mdash;30].</ref> An account of the story, was told in the ''[[Cypria]]'', one of the poems in the [[Epic Cycle]], which told the entire story of the Trojan War. The ''Cypria'' which is the first poem in the Cycle, describes events preceding those that occur  in the ''Iliad'', the second poem in the Cycle. According to a prose summary of the now lost ''Cypria'', Eris, acting according to the plans of Zeus and [[Themis]] to bring about the Trojan War, instigates a ''nekios'' ('feud') between the three goddesses over "beauty" (presumably over who of the three was the most beautiful), while they were attending the wedding feast of Peleus and Thetis (who would become the parents of [[Achilles]]). To settle the dispute, Zeus orders the three goddesses to go to [[Mount Ida]] to be judged by Paris. Paris, having been offered Helen by Aphrodite in return for Paris choosing her, does so.<ref>Gantz, p. 9; Proclus, ''Chrestomathy'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/greek_epic_fragments_trojan_cycle_cypria/2003/pb_LCL497.69.xml ''Cypria'' 1]. According to ''[[Cypria]]'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/greek_epic_fragments_trojan_cycle_cypria/2003/pb_LCL497.81.xml fr. 1 West] (compare with [[Euripides]], ''[[Orestes (play)|Orestes]]'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-orestes/2002/pb_LCL011.599.xml 1639&ndash;42], ''[[Helen (play)|Helen]]'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-helen/2002/pb_LCL011.15.xml 36&ndash;41]) Zeus' reason for wanting the war was overpopulation, see Reeves 1966.</ref>

The fifth-century BC playwright [[Euripides]], describes the Judgement of Paris several times with no mention of either Eris, or an apple.<ref>[[Euripides]], ''[[Andromache (play)| Andromache]]'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-andromache/1995/pb_LCL484.301.xml 274&ndash;292], ''[[Helen (play)|Helen]]'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-helen/2002/pb_LCL011.15.xml 23&ndash;30], ''[[Iphigenia in Aulis]]'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-iphigenia-aulis/2003/pb_LCL495.303.xml 1300&ndash;1308], ''[[The Trojan Women]]'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-trojan_women/1999/pb_LCL010.105.xml 924&ndash;931]. So also [[Isocrates]], ''Helen'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0010.tlg009.perseus-eng1:41 10.41].</ref> Later accounts include details, such as the golden [[Apple of Discord]], which may or may not have come from the ''Cypria''. According to the ''[[Fabulae]]'' of Hyginus, composed somewhere between the first century BC and the late second century AD, all the gods had been invited to the wedding except Eris. Nevertheless, she came to the wedding feast, and when refused entrance, she threw an apple through the doorway, saying that it was for the "fairest", which started the quarrel.<ref>Gantz, p. 9; [[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus]], ''[[Fabulae]]'' [https://topostext.org/work/206#92 92]; compare with [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg002.perseus-eng1:e.3.2 E.3.2].</ref> The [[satire|satirist]] [[Lucian]] (fl. 2nd century AD) tells us that Eris's apple was "solid gold" and that it was inscribed: "For the queen of Beauty" ({{lang|grc|ἡ καλὴ λαβέτω}}).<ref>McCartney, p. 70; [[Lucian]], ''Dialogues of the Sea-Gods'' [https://archive.org/details/lucianvolviiloeb00luci/page/202/mode/2up 7 (5)]; compare [[Lucian]], ''The Judgement of the Goddesses'' (''Dialogues of the Gods'' 20) [https://archive.org/details/lucianhar03luciuoft/page/384/mode/2up 1]; [[Tzetzes]], ''[[Chiliades]]'', [https://archive.org/details/TzetzesCHILIADES/page/n168/mode/1up 5.31 (Story 24)], ''On Lycophron'' [https://archive.org/details/lycophronisalexa02lycouoft/page/50/mode/2up 93]; [[First Vatican Mythographer]], 205 (Pepin, p. 89); [[Second Vatican Mythographer]], 249 (Pepin, p. 197).</ref>