Editing Eric Dolphy (section)

===Partnerships===
====Charles Mingus====
[[Charles Mingus]] had known Dolphy from growing up in Los Angeles,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://downbeat.com/news/detail/eric-dolphy-the-prophet-of-freedom/P1 |title=Eric Dolphy: The 'Prophet' of Freedom |last=Lutz |first=Phillip |website=Downbeat.com |date=December 17, 2018 |access-date=May 21, 2020 |archive-date=June 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627034858/https://downbeat.com/news/detail/eric-dolphy-the-prophet-of-freedom/P1 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the younger man joined Mingus' Jazz Workshop in 1960, shortly after arriving in New York.<ref>{{cite book | last = Dunkel | first = Mario | title = Aesthetics of Resistance: Charles Mingus and the Civil Rights Movement | publisher =LIT Verlag | year = 2012 | pages=56 }}</ref> He took part in Mingus' big band recording ''[[Pre-Bird]]'' (sometimes re-released as ''Mingus Revisited''), and is featured on "Bemoanable Lady".<ref>{{cite book | editor-first1=Michael |editor-last1=Erlewine | editor-first2=Vladimir |editor-last2=Bogdanov |editor-first3=Chris |editor-last3=Woodstra |editor-first4=Scott |editor-last4=Yanow |title=All Music Guide to Jazz |edition=2nd |publisher=Miller Freeman | year=1996|page=514}}</ref> Later he joined Mingus' working band at the Showplace during 1960 (memorialized in the poem "Mingus at the Showplace" by [[William Matthews (poet)|William Matthews]]),<ref>{{cite book | last = Matthews | first = William | author-link = William Matthews (poet) | title = Time and Money: New Poems | publisher = Houghton Mifflin Company | year = 1995 | pages=5 }}</ref> and appeared on the leader's two Candid label albums, ''[[Charles Mingus Presents Charles Mingus]]'' and ''[[Mingus (Charles Mingus album)|Mingus]]''.  Dolphy, Mingus said, "was a complete musician. He could fit anywhere. He was a fine lead alto in a big band. He could make it in a classical group. And, of course, he was entirely his own man when he soloed.... He had mastered jazz. And he had mastered all the instruments he played. In fact, he knew more than was supposed to be possible to do on them."<ref name="limelight">{{cite AV media notes |title=[[Last Date (Eric Dolphy album)|Last Date]] |others=Eric Dolphy |type=liner notes |year=1964 |publisher=[[Limelight Records|Limelight]] }}</ref> In the same year, Dolphy took part in the Mingus led Jazz Artist Guild project and its [[Newport Rebels]] recording session.<ref>{{cite book | last = Goodman | first = John | title = Mingus Speaks | publisher = University of California Press | year = 2013 | pages=208 }}</ref> 

Touring in Europe with Mingus in 1961, Dolphy continued on to perform as a solo artist, and he was recorded in Scandinavia and [[Berlin]]. (See ''[[The Berlin Concerts]]'', ''[[The Complete Uppsala Concert]]'', ''[[Eric Dolphy in Europe]]'' Volumes 1, 2, and 3 (1 and 3 were also released as ''Copenhagen Concert''), and ''[[Stockholm Sessions]]''.<ref>{{cite book | editor-first1=Michael |editor-last1=Erlewine | editor-first2=Vladimir |editor-last2=Bogdanov |editor-first3=Chris |editor-last3=Woodstra |editor-first4=Scott |editor-last4=Yanow |title=All Music Guide to Jazz |edition=2nd |publisher=Miller Freeman | year=1996|page=206}}</ref>) He was later among the musicians who worked on ''[[Mingus Mingus Mingus Mingus Mingus]]'' in 1963, and is featured on "Hora Decubitus".

In early 1964, Dolphy returned to Mingus' working band,<ref name="feather" /> now including [[Jaki Byard]], [[Johnny Coles]], and [[Clifford Jordan]]. This sextet worked at the [[Five Spot]] before playing at [[Cornell University]] and [[The Town Hall (New York City)|Town Hall]] in New York (both were recorded: ''[[Cornell 1964]]'' and ''[[Town Hall Concert]]'') and subsequently touring Europe. The short tour is well-documented on ''[[Revenge! (Charles Mingus album)|Revenge!]]'', ''[[The Great Concert of Charles Mingus]]'', ''[[Mingus in Europe Volume I]]'', and ''[[Mingus in Europe Volume II]]''.

====John Coltrane====
Dolphy and [[John Coltrane]] knew each other long before they formally played together, having met when Coltrane was in Los Angeles with [[Johnny Hodges]] in 1954.<ref>{{cite book | last = Porter | first = Lewis | author-link = Lewis Porter | title = John Coltrane: His Life and Music | publisher = The University of Michigan Press | year = 1999 | pages=94 }}</ref><ref name="Ratliff 2007 68">{{cite book | last = Ratliff | first = Ben | author-link = Ben Ratliff | title = Coltrane: The Story of a Sound | publisher = Farrar, Straus and Giroux | year = 2007 | pages=68 }}</ref> They would often exchange ideas and learn from each other,<ref name="thomas_80">{{cite book | last1=Thomas|first1=Lorenzo| last2=Nielsen|first2=Aldon|title=Don't Deny My Name: Words and Music and the Black Intellectual Tradition | publisher=University of Michigan Press | location=Ann Arbor |year=2008 | pages=80 }}</ref> and eventually, after many nights sitting in with Coltrane's band, Dolphy was asked to become a full member in early 1961.<ref>{{cite book | last = Porter | first = Lewis | author-link = Lewis Porter | title = John Coltrane: His Life and Music | publisher = The University of Michigan Press | year = 1999 | pages=192 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Thomas | first = J.C. | title = Chasin' the Trane | publisher = Da Capo Press | year = 1975 | pages=142 }}</ref> Coltrane had gained an audience and critical notice with [[Miles Davis]]'s quintet, but alienated some leading jazz critics when he began to move away from [[hard bop]]. Although Coltrane's quintets with Dolphy (including the ''[[The Complete 1961 Village Vanguard Recordings|Village Vanguard]]'' and ''[[Africa/Brass]]'' sessions) are now accepted, they originally provoked ''[[DownBeat]]'' magazine to brand Coltrane and Dolphy's music as 'anti-jazz'. Coltrane later said of this criticism: "they made it appear that we didn't even know the first thing about music (...) it hurt me to see [Dolphy] get hurt in this thing."<ref name="Kofsky">{{cite book| first= Eric| last= Dolphy| interviewer= [[Frank Kofsky]] | title= Black Nationalism and the Revolution in Music| year= 1973| page= 242| publisher= University of Pittsburgh }}</ref>

The initial release of Coltrane's residency at the Vanguard selected [[Coltrane "Live" at the Village Vanguard|three tracks]], only one of which featured Dolphy. After being issued haphazardly over the next 30 years, a comprehensive [[box-set]] featuring the music recorded at the Vanguard was released on ''[[Impulse! Records|Impulse!]]'' in 1997, called ''[[The Complete 1961 Village Vanguard Recordings]]''. The set features Dolphy heavily on both alto saxophone and bass clarinet, with Dolphy the featured soloist on their renditions of "[[Naima]]".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/complete-1961-village-vanguard-recordings-mw0000026678 |title=John Coltrane: Complete 1961 Village Vanguard Recordings |last=Jurek |first=Thom |website=AllMusic.com |access-date=May 21, 2020 |archive-date=September 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927164419/https://www.allmusic.com/album/complete-1961-village-vanguard-recordings-mw0000026678 |url-status=live }}</ref> A 2001 [[Pablo Records|Pablo]] box set, drawing on recordings of Coltrane's performances from his European tours of the early 1960s, features tunes absent from the 1961 Village Vanguard material, such as "[[My Favorite Things (song)|My Favorite Things]]", which Dolphy performs on flute.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/live-trane-the-european-tours-mw0000591728 |title=John Coltrane: Live Trane: The European Tours |last=Dryden |first=Ken |website=AllMusic.com |access-date=May 21, 2020}}</ref>

====Booker Little====
Trumpeter [[Booker Little]] and Dolphy had a short-lived musical partnership.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.allaboutjazz.com/jazz-at-100-hour-71-silenced-in-their-prime-eric-dolphy-and-booker-little-1961-1964-eric-dolphy |title=Silenced In Their Prime – Eric Dolphy & Booker Little (1961–1964) |last=Perry |first=Russell |date=February 4, 2020 |website=AllAboutJazz.com |access-date=June 26, 2020 |archive-date=June 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627070012/https://www.allaboutjazz.com/jazz-at-100-hour-71-silenced-in-their-prime-eric-dolphy-and-booker-little-1961-1964-eric-dolphy |url-status=live }}</ref> Little's leader date for [[Candid Records|Candid]], ''[[Out Front (Booker Little album)|Out Front]]'', featured Dolphy mainly on alto sax, though he played bass clarinet and flute on some ensemble passages. In addition, Dolphy's album ''[[Far Cry (album)|Far Cry]]'', recorded for [[Prestige Records|Prestige]], features Little on five tunes (one of which, "Serene", was not included on the original LP release).

Dolphy and Little also co-led a quintet at the Five Spot during 1961. The rhythm section consisted of [[Richard Davis (double bassist)|Richard Davis]], [[Mal Waldron]] and [[Ed Blackwell]].<ref name="baker" /> One night was documented and has been released as ''[[At the Five Spot]]'' (plus a ''Memorial Album'') as well as the compilation ''[[Here and There (Eric Dolphy album)|Here and There]]''. In addition, both Dolphy and Little backed [[Abbey Lincoln]] on her album ''[[Straight Ahead (Abbey Lincoln album)|Straight Ahead]]'' and played on [[Max Roach]]'s ''[[Percussion Bitter Sweet]]''. Little died at the age of 23 in October 1961.

====Others====
Dolphy also performed on key recordings by [[George Russell (composer)|George Russell]] (''[[Ezz-thetics]]''), [[Oliver Nelson]] (''[[Screamin' the Blues]]'', ''[[The Blues and the Abstract Truth]]'', and ''[[Straight Ahead (Oliver Nelson album)|Straight Ahead]]''), and [[Ornette Coleman]] (''[[Free Jazz: A Collective Improvisation]]'' and the ''Free Jazz'' outtake on ''[[Twins (Ornette Coleman album)|Twins]]''). He also worked and recorded with [[Gunther Schuller]] (''[[Jazz Abstractions]]''), multi-instrumentalist [[Makanda Ken McIntyre|Ken McIntyre]] (''[[Looking Ahead (Makanda Ken McIntyre album)|Looking Ahead]]''), bassist [[Ron Carter]] (''[[Where? (album)|Where?]]''), and pianist [[Mal Waldron]] (''[[The Quest (Mal Waldron album)|The Quest]]'').