Editing Endicott, New York (section)

===IBM===
Endicott is best known as the "Birthplace of [[IBM]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pressconnects.com/article/99999999/NEWS03/61012018/1067/commun03|title=Pressconnects|website=Pressconnects|access-date=April 17, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.empire.state.ny.us/press/press_display.asp?id=409|title=Empire State Development<!-- Bot generated title -->|website=state.ny.us|access-date=April 17, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719063928/http://www.empire.state.ny.us/press/press_display.asp?id=409|archive-date=July 19, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company]] (CTR) was founded in Endicott on June 16, 1911, via the consolidation of the [[International Time Recording Company]] (ITR), [[Tabulating Machine Company|The Tabulating Machine Company]], Computing Scale Company, and Bundy Time Recording. These companies used a technology invented by [[Herman Hollerith]] whereby stiff paper cards with holes in a systematic pattern, called [[punched card]]s, could be "read" by machines via electrical contact.

The Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company changed its name to International Business Machines Corporation ([[IBM]]) in 1924. The formation of what soon became IBM consolidated some of the major companies in the industrial time-keeping business, but its new chief executive [[Thomas J. Watson]] realized that data processing had far greater potential than just workers punching a time clock. A great motivator of salesmen, Watson sent them to a new territory of banks, corporations, and government agencies, where they explained how a database of IBM punched cards and data processing with IBM sorting machines would enable them to answer questions in a day or two that they were never even able to ask because of the months of clerk time that would have been required. By the 1930s IBM was the leading company in the world in electromechanical data processing and had contracts with a number of government agencies, notably the original [[Social Security (United States)|Social Security]] contract.

Encouraged by George F. Johnson, who saw Endicott as the world's first industrial "park" with a "Square Deal" for everyone, IBM began building a factory complex just to the east of the Endicott-Johnson factories. The factory complex centered at North Street and McKinley Avenue expanded rapidly in the late 1930s and early 1940s. Endicott was the original location of all IBM manufacturing, research, and development from the early 1920s through World War II.

The outbreak of [[World War II]] and the subsequent mobilization of the economy and the induction of 12&nbsp;million young men into the military resulted in a demand for more data processing work from IBM. Every soldier in World War II had an "IBM Card" in his file.  Several of the IBM factories in Endicott were converted to arms production during World War II, notably the production of sidearms (pistols).

After World War II, IBM concentrated on electronic data processing, a significant departure from its previously very prosperous business of electromechanical data processing. IBM's engineers and workers in Endicott provided reliable and cost-effective computers to government agencies, banks, and large corporations in the 1950s. This [[information revolution]] transformed the American and world economies, and made IBM one of the world's most successful corporations of the second half of the 20th century.

The expansion of IBM-Endicott beginning in the 1940s resulted in some residential development north and west of the original Endicott street grid, but its major effect was the transformation of the then semi-rural sites of [[Endwell, New York|Endwell]] (to the immediate east) and [[Vestal, New York|Vestal]] (to the immediate south) into the large residential areas they are today. IBM employment in the region peaked at approximately 16,000 in the mid-1980s.

IBM's own expansion in this period was the construction of large research and development centers in the Glendale section of the town of Union ({{convert|3|mi|0}} to the west, now occupied by State of New York offices) and in Owego ({{convert|9|mi|0}} to the west, now owned by [[Lockheed Martin]]). By the mid-1960s, most IBM workers in the region worked at these sites. A [[circuit board]] fabricating plant was built on North Street adjacent to the original factory complex in the mid-1960s.

After the Second World War, IBM corporate headquarters moved to [[Armonk, New York]], and new research and manufacturing sites were established throughout the United States and overseas. In 2002, IBM sold the aging Endicott manufacturing site to local investors. IBM leased several buildings in the complex, and employment was estimated at 600–800 in 2012. The jobs were entirely in research and development. By 2023, less than 50 people worked at IBM-Endicott and the company closed the last of their facilities in October, 2023. Much of the IBM factories in Endicott are abandoned and in ruins and have severely diminished the quality of life in recent years in the area. The IBM facilities were purchased by BAE Systems inc, who now operate a circuit card and hybrid drive manufacturing operation.

There are six properties or districts in Endicott that are listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]]. These include two [[carousel]]s. For more information, see [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Broome County, New York]].

The Triple Cities College, a branch of [[Syracuse University]], was started in Endicott in 1946, using buildings donated by IBM and Endicott-Johnson. The college became Harpur College once it was adopted into the [[State University of New York|SUNY]] system, and moved to its present location in [[Vestal, New York|Vestal]], where it is now known as [[Binghamton University]] (BU). BU has seen rapid expansion from 2000 onward and now has a secondary campus in downtown Binghamton. While originally associated with BU, the [[Cider Mill Playhouse]] now serves as an independent community theatre in Endicott.

The county-run EnJoie Golf Course in Endicott was home of the [[PGA Tour]]'s [[B.C. Open]]. Originally held annually in September, the tournament attracted golf's biggest names, from [[Arnold Palmer]] to [[Tiger Woods]]. In 2000, the tournament was moved to June, which left it competing with the [[British Open]] for players and coverage. The tournament ended its 30+ year run on the PGA in July 2006. In July 2007, Endicott hosted the first [[Dick's Sporting Goods Open]], a [[Champions Tour]] stop.
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