Editing Ellesmere Island (section)

===Small tool cultures===

The [[Arctic small tool tradition]] peoples ({{a.k.a.}} [[Paleo-Eskimo]]s) in the High Arctic had small populations organized as hunting bands, spread from Axel Heiberg Island to the northern extremity of Greenland,{{r|"Dick"|p=49}} where the [[Independence&nbsp;I culture]] was active from 2700&nbsp;BCE.{{r|"Dick"|p=28}} On Ellesmere, they chiefly hunted in the Eureka Upland and the Hazen Plateau. Six different small-tool cultures have been identified at the [[Smith Sound]] region: Independence I, Independence I / [[Saqqaq culture|Saqqaq]], [[Pre-Dorset]], Saqqaq, early Dorset, and late Dorset.{{r|"Dick"|p=49}} They chiefly hunted [[Muskox|muskoxen]]: more than three-quarters of their known archeological sites on Ellesmere are located in the island's interior and their winter dwellings were skin tents, suggesting a need for mobility to follow the herds. There is evidence at Lake Hazen of a trade network {{circa|1500–1000&nbsp;BCE}}, including soapstone lamps from Greenland and incised lance heads from cultures to the south.{{r|"Dick"|p=50}}