Editing Effects of cannabis (section)

===Cannabinoids and cannabinoid receptors===
The most prevalent [[psychoactive]] substances in [[cannabis]] are [[cannabinoids]], particularly [[tetrahydrocannabinol|THC]]. Some varieties, having undergone careful selection and growing techniques, can yield as much as 34% THC.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hightimes.com/grow/the-strongest-strains-on-earth-2017/|title=The Strongest Strains on Earth 2017|last=Escondido|first=Nico|name-list-style=vanc|website=[[High Times]]|access-date=30 June 2018|date=26 April 2017|archive-date=1 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701030500/https://hightimes.com/grow/the-strongest-strains-on-earth-2017/|url-status=live}}</ref> Another psychoactive cannabinoid present in ''Cannabis sativa'' is [[tetrahydrocannabivarin]] (THCV), but it is only found in small amounts and is a [[Cannabinoid receptor antagonist|cannabinoid antagonist]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Turner CE, Bouwsma OJ, Billets S, Elsohly MA | title = Constituents of Cannabis sativa L. XVIII--Electron voltage selected ion monitoring study of cannabinoids | journal = Biomedical Mass Spectrometry | volume = 7 | issue = 6 | pages = 247–56 | date = June 1980 | pmid = 7426688 | doi = 10.1002/bms.1200070605 }}</ref>

There are similar compounds in cannabis that do not exhibit psychoactive response but are obligatory for functionality: [[cannabidiol]] (CBD), an [[isomer]] of THC; [[cannabivarin]] (CBV), an [[analog (chemistry)|analog]] of [[cannabinol]] (CBN) with a different [[side chain]], [[cannabidivarin]] (CBDV), an analog of CBD with a different side chain, and [[cannabinolic acid]]. CBD is believed to regulate the metabolism of THC by inactivating [[cytochrome P450]] enzymes that metabolize drugs; one such mechanism is via generation of [[carbon monoxide]] (a pharmacologically active [[Gasotransmitter|neurotransmitter]]) by upon metabolism of CBD.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hopper|first1=Christopher P.|last2=Zambrana|first2=Paige N.|last3=Goebel|first3=Ulrich|last4=Wollborn|first4=Jakob|date=June 2021|title=A brief history of carbon monoxide and its therapeutic origins|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1089860321000367|journal=Nitric Oxide|language=en|volume=111-112|pages=45–63|doi=10.1016/j.niox.2021.04.001|pmid=33838343|s2cid=233205099|access-date=23 April 2021|archive-date=25 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525202037/https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1089860321000367|url-status=live}}</ref> THC is converted rapidly to [[11-hydroxy-THC]], which is also pharmacologically active, so the euphoria outlasts measurable THC levels in blood.<ref name="Kalant">{{Cite book| title=Principles of Medical Pharmacology | edition=6th |author1=H.K. Kalant |author2=W.H.E. Roschlau | year=1998 | pages=373–375}}</ref>