Editing Edmund Grindal (section)

==Bishop of London==
[[File:Grindal Arms.svg|thumb|Arms of Grindal of Cumbria - ''Quarterly or and azure, a cross or and ermine, in each quarter a dover or and azure, counterchanged of the field'']]
He returned to England in January 1559 in the company of his friend [[Edwin Sandys (bishop)|Edwin Sandys]], on the day that [[Elizabeth I]] was crowned.<ref>Foxe J, ''Actes and Monuments of these Latter and Perillous Days, Touching Matters of the Church' (Foxe's Book of Martyrs)</ref> He was soon gathered in to the body of men who would be at the centre of establishing the reformed church. He was appointed to the committee to revise the [[liturgy]], and was one of the Protestant representatives at the [[Westminster Conference 1559|Westminster conference]]. In July 1559 he was elected Master of Pembroke Hall in succession to the [[recusant]] Thomas Young (1514?–1580) and finally created Bishop of London in succession to [[Edmund Bonner]], six years after his first nomination in Edward's reign.<ref name= "collinson"/> About this time he ordained his friend the martyrologist [[John Foxe]].<ref name= "collinson"/>

Grindal had qualms about vestments and other traces of "popery" as well as about the [[Thomas Erastus|Erastianism]] of Elizabeth's ecclesiastical government. Firmly Protestant, he did not mind recommending that a Roman Catholic priest "might be put to some torment",<ref>Hatfield manuscripts i. 269</ref> and in October 1562 he wrote to [[William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley|William Cecil]], begging to know "if that second Julian, the king of Navarre, is killed; as he intended to preach at [[St Paul's Cross]], and might take occasion to mention God's judgements on him".<ref>''Domestic Calendar'', 1547{{ndash}}1580, p.&nbsp;209</ref> Nevertheless, he was reluctant to execute judgements on English [[Puritans]], and failed to give [[Matthew Parker]] much assistance in rebuilding the shattered fabric of the English Church.{{sfn|Pollard|1911|p=605}} Indeed he had appointed a number of Marian exiles who went on to play a major role in the resistance to Parker:[[Thomas Huyck]], [[Thomas Cole (archdeacon of Essex)|Thomas Cole]], [[John Pullain]], [[James Calfhill]], [[Alexander Nowell]].

Grindal lacked that firm faith in the supreme importance of uniformity and autocracy which enabled [[John Whitgift]] to persecute nonconformists whose theology was identical to his own. London, which was always a difficult see, involved Bishop Sandys in similar troubles when Grindal had gone to York. As it was, although Parker said that Grindal "was not resolute and severe enough for the government of London", his attempts to enforce the use of the [[surplice]] evoked angry protests, especially in 1565, when many nonconformists were suspended. This developed into a breakaway movement that formed the [[London Underground Church]]. Grindal repeatedly raided their services and imprisoned worshippers, but generally for short spells, agreeing with the Privy Council 'to move [them] to be conformable by gentleness'.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Journey to the Mayflower|last=Tomkins|first=Stephen|publisher=Hodder & Stoughton|year=2020|isbn=9781473649101|location=London and New York|pages=37}}</ref> Grindal of his own accord denounced [[Thomas Cartwright (churchman)|Thomas Cartwright]] to the council in 1570. Other anxieties were brought upon him by the burning of his cathedral in 1561, for although Grindal himself is said to have contributed £1,200 towards its rebuilding, the laity and even the clergy of his diocese were not generous.{{sfn|Pollard|1911|p=605}}