Editing Economic history (section)

==History of capitalism==
{{main|History of capitalism}}

A new field, called "history of capitalism" by researchers engaged in it, has emerged in US history departments since about the year 2000. It includes many topics traditionally associated with the field of economic history, such as insurance, banking and regulation, the political dimension of business, and the impact of capitalism on the middle classes, the poor and women and minorities. The field has particularly focused on the contribution of slavery to the rise of the US economy in the nineteenth century. The field utilizes the existing research of [[business history]], but has sought to make it more relevant to the concerns of history departments in the United States, including by having limited or no discussion of individual business enterprises.<ref>See Jennifer Schuessler "In History Departments, It's Up With Capitalism" [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/07/education/in-history-departments-its-up-with-capitalism.html?_r=0 ''The New York Times'' April 6, 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803130448/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/07/education/in-history-departments-its-up-with-capitalism.html?_r=0 |date=August 3, 2017 }}</ref><ref>[[Louis Galambos|Lou Galambos]], "Is This a Decisive Moment for the History of Business, Economic History, and the History Of Capitalism? ''[[Essays in Economic & Business History]]'' (2014) v. 32 pp. 1–18 [http://www.ebhsoc.org/journal/index.php/journal/article/download/271/253 online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426190340/http://www.ebhsoc.org/journal/index.php/journal/article/download/271/253 |date=2018-04-26 }}</ref> Historians of capitalism have countered these critiques, citing the issues with economic history. As [[University of Chicago]] professor of history Jonathan Levy states, "modern economic history began with industrialization and urbanization, and, even then, environmental considerations were subsidiary, if not nonexistent."<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Levy |first1=Jonathan |title=Capital as Process and the History of Capitalism |journal=Business History Review |date=2017|volume=91 |issue=3 |pages=483–510 |doi=10.1017/S0007680517001064 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

Scholars have critiqued the history of capitalism because it does not focus on systems of production, circulation, and distribution.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Adelman |first1=Jeremy |last2=Levy |first2=Jonathan |title=The Fall and Rise of Economic History |url=https://www.chronicle.com/article/The-FallRise-of-Economic/150247 |journal=The Chronicle of Higher Education |date=December 2014 |access-date=2019-12-19 |archive-date=2019-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219210345/https://www.chronicle.com/article/The-FallRise-of-Economic/150247 |url-status=live }}</ref> Some have criticized its lack of social scientific methods and its ideological biases.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hilt |first1=Eric |s2cid=41971400 |title=Economic History, Historical Analysis, and the "New History of Capitalism" |journal=The Journal of Economic History |year=2017 |volume=77 |issue=2 |pages=511–536 |doi=10.1017/S002205071700016X |doi-access=free }}</ref> As a result, a new academic journal, ''[[Capitalism: A Journal of History and Economics]]'', was founded at the [[University of Pennsylvania]] under the direction of Marc Flandreau ([[University of Pennsylvania]]), Julia Ott ([[The New School|The New School, New York]]) and Francesca Trivellato ([[Institute for Advanced Study|Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton]]) to widen the scope of the field. The journal's goal is to bring together "historians and social scientists interested in the material and intellectual aspects of modern economic life."<ref>{{cite web |title=Capitalism and History |url=https://history.columbia.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2018/01/Capitalism-and-History-.pdf |website=Columbia University |access-date=2019-12-17 |archive-date=2020-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722023627/https://history.columbia.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2018/01/Capitalism-and-History-.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>