Editing East Pakistan (section)

===Era of Ayub Khan===
[[File:Queenelizabeth-chittagongG1.jpg|thumb|[[Elizabeth II]], seen here visiting Chittagong in 1961, was Pakistan's Queen until 1956.]]

In 1958, President [[Iskandar Mirza]] enacted martial law as part of a [[1958 Pakistani military coup|military coup]] by the [[Pakistan Army]]'s chief [[Ayub Khan (general)|Ayub Khan]]. Roughly after two weeks, President Mirza's relations with Pakistan Armed Forces deteriorated leading Army Commander General Ayub Khan relieving the president from his presidency and forcefully exiling President Mirza to the United Kingdom. General Ayub Khan justified his actions after appearing on national radio declaring that: "the armed forces and the people demanded a clean break with the past...". Until 1962, the martial law continued while Field Marshal Ayub Khan purged a number of politicians and civil servants from the government and replaced them with military officers. Ayub called his regime a "revolution to clean up the mess of black marketing and corruption". Khan replaced Mirza as president and became the country's [[Strongman (politics)|strongman]] for eleven years. Martial law continued until 1962 when the government of Field Marshal Ayub Khan commissioned a constitutional bench under Chief Justice of Pakistan Muhammad Shahabuddin, composed of ten senior justices, each five from East Pakistan and five from West Pakistan. On 6 May 1961, the commission sent its draft to President Ayub Khan. He thoroughly examined the draft while consulting with his cabinet.

In January 1962, the cabinet finally approved the text of the [[Constitution of Pakistan of 1962|new constitution]], promulgated by President Ayub Khan on 1 March 1962, which came into effect on 8 June 1962. Under the 1962 constitution, Pakistan became a [[presidential republic]]. [[Universal suffrage]] was abolished in favour of a system dubbed 'Basic Democracy'. Under the system, an [[Electoral College (Pakistan)|electoral college]] would be responsible for electing the president and national assembly. The 1962 constitution created a gubernatorial system in West and East Pakistan. Each province ran its own separate provincial gubernatorial governments. The constitution defined a division of powers between the central government and the provinces. [[Fatima Jinnah]] received strong support in East Pakistan during her failed bid to unseat Ayub Khan in the [[1965 Pakistani presidential election|1965 presidential election]].

[[Dhaka|Dacca]] was declared as the ''second capital'' of Pakistan in 1962. It was designated as the legislative capital and [[Louis Kahn]] was tasked with designing a [[Jatiya Sangsad|national assembly complex]]. Dacca's population increased in the 1960s. Seven natural gas fields were tapped in the province. The petroleum industry developed as the Eastern Refinery was established in the port city of Chittagong.