Editing Dyslexia (section)

===Associated conditions===
Dyslexia often co-occurs with other learning disorders, but the reasons for this comorbidity have not been clearly identified.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Dyslexia, dysgraphia, procedural learning and the cerebellum |journal=Cortex |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=117–27 |date=September 2009|pmid=19818437 |doi=10.1016/j.cortex.2009.08.016|last1=Nicolson |first1=R. I. |last2=Fawcett |first2=A. J.|s2cid=32228208 }}</ref> These associated disabilities include:

; [[Dysgraphia]]: A disorder involving difficulties with [[writing]] or [[typing]], sometimes due to problems with [[eye–hand coordination]]; it also can impede direction- or sequence-oriented processes, such as [[Knot tying|tying knots]] or carrying out repetitive tasks.<ref name=ReynoldsFletcherJanzen2007>{{cite book |last1=Reynolds |first1=Cecil R. |last2=Fletcher-Janzen |first2=Elaine |title=Encyclopedia of Special Education |date=2 January 2007 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-0-471-67798-7 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=wdNpBchvdvQC&pg=PA771 771] }}</ref> In dyslexia, dysgraphia is often multifactorial, due to impaired letter-writing [[automaticity]], organizational and elaborative difficulties, and impaired visual word forming, which makes it more difficult to retrieve the visual picture of words required for spelling.<ref name=ReynoldsFletcherJanzen2007/>
; [[Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]] (ADHD): A disorder characterized by problems sustaining attention, hyperactivity, or acting impulsively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd/index.shtml|title=Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder|date=March 2016|publisher=NIH: National Institute of Mental Health|access-date=26 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160723192735/http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd/index.shtml|archive-date=23 July 2016}}</ref> Dyslexia and ADHD commonly occur together.<ref name="Koo2013" /><ref name="ComerGould2010">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ySIc1BcPJu8C&pg=RA1-PA233|title=Psychology Around Us|date=2011|publisher=RR Donnelley|isbn=978-0-471-38519-6|page=1|author1=Comer, Ronald|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604000711/https://books.google.com/books?id=ySIc1BcPJu8C&pg=RA1-PA233|archive-date=4 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last2=Gagliano|first2=A|last3=Curatolo|first3=P|year=2010|title=Comorbidity of ADHD and Dyslexia|url=http://pdfserve.informaworld.com/260009__925867416.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810101321/http://pdfserve.informaworld.com/260009__925867416.pdf |archive-date=2011-08-10 |url-status=live|journal=Developmental Neuropsychology|volume=35|issue=5|pages=475–493|doi=10.1080/87565641.2010.494748|pmid=20721770|last1=Germanò|first1=E|s2cid=42046958}}</ref> Approximately 15%<ref name="Handler2011" /> or 12–24% of people with dyslexia have ADHD;<ref name="FatemiSartorius2008">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RJOy1vy2RKQC&pg=PA308|title=The Medical Basis of Psychiatry|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|year=2008|isbn=978-1-59745-252-6|edition=3rd |page=308|author1=Fatemi, S. Hossein|author2=Sartorius, Norman|author3=Clayton, Paula J.|author3-link=Paula Clayton|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109101234/https://books.google.com/books?id=RJOy1vy2RKQC&pg=PA308|archive-date=9 January 2017}}</ref> and up to 35% of people with ADHD have dyslexia.<ref name="Handler2011" />
; [[Auditory processing disorder]]: A listening disorder that affects the ability to process auditory information.<ref name="Capellini2007a">{{cite book|author=Capellini, Simone Aparecida|title=Neuropsycholinguistic Perspectives on Dyslexia and Other Learning Disabilities|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uiEaMQVwyzYC&pg=PA94|year=2007|publisher=Nova Publishers|isbn=978-1-60021-537-7|page=94|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109113545/https://books.google.com/books?id=uiEaMQVwyzYC&pg=PA94|archive-date=9 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=The diagnosis and management of auditory processing disorder|journal=  Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools|volume=42 |issue=3 |pages=303–8 |date=July 2011 |pmid=21757566 |doi=10.1044/0161-1461(2011/10-0032)|last1=Moore |first1=D. R.}}</ref> This can lead to problems with [[auditory memory]] and auditory [[sequencing]]. Many people with dyslexia have auditory processing problems, and may develop their own [[logographic cues]] to compensate for this type of deficit. Some research suggests that auditory processing skills could be the primary shortfall in dyslexia.<ref name=Pammer2014>{{cite journal|last1=Pammer|first1=Kristen|title=Brain mechanisms and reading remediation: more questions than answers.|journal=Scientifica|date=January 2014|pmid=24527259|pmc=3913493|doi=10.1155/2014/802741|volume=2014|pages=802741|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Law|first1=J|title=relationship of phonological ability, speech perception, and auditory perception in adults with dyslexia|journal=Frontiers in Human Neuroscience|date=2014|pmid=25071512|pmc=4078926|doi=10.3389/fnhum.2014.00482|volume=8|pages=482|doi-access=free}}</ref>
; [[Developmental coordination disorder]]: A neurological condition characterized by difficulty in carrying out routine tasks involving balance, fine-[[motor control]] and [[kinesthetic]] coordination; difficulty in the use of speech sounds; and problems with [[short-term memory]] and organization.<ref name=Pickering2012>{{cite book|author=Susan J. Pickering|chapter=Chapter 2. Working Memory in Dyslexia|editor1=Alloway, Tracy Packiam|editor2=Gathercole, Susan E.|title=Working Memory and Neurodevelopmental Disorders|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IoXidOBdNpMC&pg=PA29|year=2012|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-1-135-42134-2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109194637/https://books.google.com/books?id=IoXidOBdNpMC&pg=PA29|archive-date=9 January 2017}}</ref>