Editing Duma (section)

==Municipal dumas==
[[File:Municipal Album 1.001 City Duma.jpg|thumb|250px|Building of the Moscow City Duma]]
{{See also|Moscow City Duma|Saint Petersburg City Duma}}
Under the reign of [[Catherine II]], reforms to local government led to [[city duma]]s being established in Russian cities.

Under the reign of Alexander II, several reforms were enacted during the 1860s and 1870s. These included the creation of local political bodies known as [[zemstvos]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Stearns|first=Peter|title=World Civilizations the Global Experience|year=2007|publisher=Pearson Education|location=New York|isbn=978-0132206990|page=620}}</ref> All owners of houses, tax-paying merchants and workmen are enrolled on lists in a descending order according to their assessed wealth. The total valuation is then divided into three equal parts, representing three groups of electors very unequal in number, each of which elects an equal number of delegates to the municipal duma. The executive is in the hands of an elective [[mayor]] and an ''uprava'', which consists of several members elected by the duma. Under [[Alexander III of Russia|Alexander III]], however, by laws promulgated in 1892 and 1894, the municipal dumas were subordinated to the governors in the same way as the zemstvos. In 1894 municipal institutions, with still more restricted powers, were granted to several towns in Siberia, and in 1895 to some in Caucasia.