Editing Drink (section)

== Production ==
A drink is a form of liquid which has been prepared for human consumption. The preparation can include a number of different steps, some prior to transport, others immediately prior to consumption.

===Purification of water===
{{Details|Water purification}}

Water is the chief constituent in all drinks, and the primary ingredient in most. Water is purified prior to [[drinking water|drinking]]. Methods for purification include [[filtration]] and the addition of chemicals, such as [[Water chlorination|chlorination]]. The importance of purified water is highlighted by the [[World Health Organization]], who point out 94% of deaths from [[diarrhea]] – the third biggest cause of infectious death worldwide at 1.8 million annually – could be prevented by improving the quality of the victim's environment, particularly safe water.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/combating_diseasepart1lowres.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080521162853/http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/combating_diseasepart1lowres.pdf |archive-date=2008-05-21 |url-status=live |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] |title=Combating Waterborne Diseases at the Household Level |page=11 |year=2007|isbn=978-92-4-159522-3}}</ref>

===Pasteurization===
[[Pasteurization]] is the process of heating a liquid for a period of time at a specified temperature, then immediately cooling. The process reduces the growth of [[microorganism]]s within the liquid, thereby increasing the time before spoilage. It is primarily used on [[milk]], which prior to pasteurization is commonly infected with [[pathogen]]ic bacteria and therefore is more likely than any other part of the common diet in the developed world to cause illness.<ref name=wilson>{{citation|last=Wilson|first=G. S.|title=The Pasteurization of Milk| journal=British Medical Journal|volume=1|issue=4286|year=1943|pages=261–262|pmc=2282302|pmid=20784713|doi=10.1136/bmj.1.4286.261}}</ref>

===Juicing===
{{Details|Juice|Pressing (wine)}}
[[File:Pressoir epi.jpg|right|thumb|First developed in the [[Middle Ages]], [[basket press]]es have a long history of use in [[winemaking]].]]

The process of extracting [[Fruit juice|juice from fruits]] and [[Vegetable juice|vegetables]] can take a number of forms. Simple crushing of most fruits will provide a significant amount of liquid, though a more intense pressure can be applied to get the maximum amount of juice from the fruit. Both crushing and pressing are processes used in the production of [[wine]].

===Infusion===
[[Infusion]] is the process of extracting flavors from plant material by allowing the material to remain suspended within water. This process is used in the production of [[tea]]s, [[herbal teas]] and can be used to prepare [[coffee]] (when using a [[french press|coffee press]]).

===Percolation===
{{Details|Coffee percolation}}

The name is derived from the word "[[percolation|percolate]]" which means ''to cause (a solvent) to pass through a permeable substance especially for extracting a soluble constituent''.<ref>{{cite dictionary|title=percolate|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/percolated|year=2008|dictionary=Merriam Webster|access-date=2008-01-09}}</ref> In the case of coffee-brewing the solvent is water, the permeable substance is the coffee grounds, and the soluble constituents are the chemical compounds that give coffee its color, taste, aroma, and stimulating properties.

===Carbonation===
[[Carbonation]] is the process of dissolving [[carbon dioxide]] into a liquid, such as water.

===Fermentation===
{{Details|Fermentation|Fermentation in winemaking|Beer}}

Fermentation is a [[metabolism|metabolic]] process that converts [[sugar]] to [[ethanol]]. Fermentation has been used by humans for the production of drinks since the [[Neolithic age]]. In [[winemaking]], grape juice is combined with yeast in an [[Hypoxia (environmental)|anaerobic]] environment to allow the fermentation.<ref name="cox">Jeff Cox ''"From Vines to Wines: The Complete Guide to Growing Grapes and Making Your Own Wine"'' pgs 133–136 Storey Publishing 1999 {{ISBN|1-58017-105-2}}</ref> The amount of sugar in the wine and the length of time given for fermentation determine the alcohol level and the [[sweetness of wine|sweetness of the wine]].<ref name="Bird">D. Bird ''"Understanding Wine Technology"'' pg 67–73 DBQA Publishing 2005 {{ISBN|1-891267-91-4}}</ref>

When [[brewing]] beer, there are four primary ingredients – water, grain, yeast and hops. The grain is encouraged to [[germinate]] by soaking and drying in heat, a process known as [[malting]]. It is then milled before soaking again to create the sugars needed for fermentation. This process is known as [[mashing]]. Hops are added for flavouring, then the yeast is added to the mixture (now called [[wort]]) to start the fermentation process.<ref name="beer">{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=yjLqQPU_DzYC&pg=PT197 |title=The Illustrated Guide to Brewing Beer|author= Matthew Schaefer |page=197|publisher=Skyhorse Publishing Inc.|date= 15 Feb 2012 |access-date=13 November 2012 |isbn= 978-1-61608-463-9}}</ref>

===Distillation===
{{Details|Distillation|Distilled beverage}}
[[File:Liquor Still Frankfort 489226997.jpg|thumb|upright|An old [[whiskey]] [[still]]]]

Distillation is a method of [[separation process|separating]] [[mixture]]s based on differences in [[Volatility (physics)|volatility]] of components in a boiling liquid mixture. It is one of the methods used in the purification of water. It is also a method of producing spirits from milder alcoholic drinks.

===Mixing===
{{Details|Cocktail}}

An [[alcoholic drink|alcoholic]] [[mixed drink]] that contains two or more ingredients is referred to as a cocktail. Cocktails were originally a mixture of spirits, sugar, water, and [[bitters]].<ref>{{cite book|title=How To Mix Drinks|url=https://archive.org/details/howtomixdrinkso00schugoog|author=Thomas, Jerry|year=1862|publisher=Dick & Fitzgerald}}</ref> The term is now often used for almost any mixed drink that contains alcohol, including mixers, mixed shots, etc.<ref name=Regan>{{cite book|title=The Joy of Mixology|author=Regan, Gary|year=2003|publisher=Potter}}</ref> A cocktail today usually contains one or more kinds of spirit and one or more [[Drink mixer|mixers]], such as [[Carbonated water|soda]] or [[fruit juice]]. Additional ingredients may be [[sugar]], [[honey]], [[milk]], [[cream]], and various [[herb]]s.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Craft of the Cocktail|author=DeGroff, Dale|year=2002|publisher=Potter}}</ref>