Editing Douglas Hofstadter (section)

==Work and publications==
At the University of Michigan and Indiana University, Hofstadter and [[Melanie Mitchell]] coauthored a computational model of "high-level perception"—[[Copycat (software)|Copycat]]—and several other models of analogy-making and [[cognition]], including the Tabletop project, co-developed with [[Robert M. French]].<ref>
[http://science.slc.edu/~jmarshall/metacat  An overview of Metacat] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070818185020/http://science.slc.edu/~jmarshall/metacat/ |date=August 18, 2007 }} 2003
</ref> The Letter Spirit project, implemented by Gary McGraw and John Rehling, aims to model artistic creativity by designing stylistically uniform "gridfonts" (typefaces limited to a grid). Other more recent models include Phaeaco (implemented by Harry Foundalis) and SeqSee (Abhijit Mahabal), which model high-level perception and analogy-making in the microdomains of [[Bongard problem]]s and number sequences, respectively, as well as George (Francisco Lara-Dammer), which models the processes of perception and discovery in triangle geometry.<ref>
[https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/3.11/kelly.html By Analogy: A talk with the most remarkable researcher in artificial intelligence today, Douglas Hofstadter, the author of Gödel, Escher, Bach] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209110635/http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/3.11/kelly.html |date=December 9, 2013 }} ''Wired Magazine'', November 1995
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[http://kwc.org/blog/archives/2006/2006-02-06.talk_douglas_hofstadter_analogy_as_the_core_of_cognition.html Analogy as the Core of Cognition] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411090721/http://kwc.org/blog/archives/2006/2006-02-06.talk_douglas_hofstadter_analogy_as_the_core_of_cognition.html |date=April 11, 2008 }} Review of Stanford lecture, February 2, 2006
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[http://www.cogsci.indiana.edu/research.html Center for Research on Concepts and Cognition] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100526175607/http://www.cogsci.indiana.edu/research.html |date=May 26, 2010 }}</ref>

Hofstadter's thesis about consciousness, first expressed in ''[[Gödel, Escher, Bach]]'' but also present in several of his later books, is that it is "an emergent consequence of seething lower-level activity in the brain."{{citation needed|date=January 2024}} In ''Gödel, Escher, Bach'' he draws an analogy between the social organization of a colony of ants and the mind seen as a coherent "colony" of neurons. In particular, Hofstadter claims that our sense of having (or being) an "I" comes from the abstract pattern he terms a "[[strange loop]]", an abstract cousin of such concrete phenomena as [[Audio feedback|audio]] and [[Optical feedback|video feedback]] that Hofstadter has defined as "a level-crossing feedback loop". The prototypical example of a strange loop is the self-referential structure at the core of [[Gödel's incompleteness theorems]]. Hofstadter's 2007 book ''[[I Am a Strange Loop]]'' carries his vision of consciousness considerably further, including the idea that each human "I" is distributed over numerous brains, rather than being limited to one.<ref>
[http://www.bizcharts.com/stoa_del_sol/conscious/conscious2.html Consciousness In The Cosmos: Perspective of Mind: Douglas Hofstadter] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080804052510/http://www.bizcharts.com/stoa_del_sol/conscious/conscious2.html |date=August 4, 2008 }}</ref> ''[[Le Ton beau de Marot|Le Ton beau de Marot: In Praise of the Music of Language]]'' is a long book devoted to language and translation, especially poetry translation, and one of its leitmotifs is a set of 88 translations of "Ma Mignonne", a highly constrained poem by 16th-century French poet [[Clément Marot]]. In this book, Hofstadter jokingly describes himself as "[[pi]]lingual" (meaning that the sum total of the varying degrees of mastery of all the languages that he has studied comes to 3.14159&nbsp;...), as well as an "oligoglot" (someone who speaks "a few" languages).<ref>Hofstadter, Douglas R. ''Le Ton Beau de Marot''. New York: Basic Books, 1997, pp. 16–17.</ref><ref>Hofstadter, Douglas R. ''Le Ton Beau de Marot'', Chapter "How Jolly the Lot of an Oligoglot", New York: Basic Books, 1997, pp. 15–62.</ref>

In 1999, the bicentennial year of the Russian poet and writer [[Alexander Pushkin]], Hofstadter published a verse translation of Pushkin's classic novel-in-verse ''[[Eugene Onegin]]''. He has translated other poems and two novels: ''[[La chamade|La Chamade]]'' (''That Mad Ache'') by [[Françoise Sagan]], and ''La Scoperta dell'Alba'' (''The Discovery of Dawn'') by [[Walter Veltroni]], the then-head of the Partito Democratico in Italy. ''The Discovery of Dawn'' was published in 2007, and ''That Mad Ache'' was published in 2009, bound together with Hofstadter's essay "Translator, Trader: An Essay on the Pleasantly Pervasive Paradoxes of Translation".{{cn|date=August 2024}}

=== Hofstadter's Law ===
{{Main|Hofstadter's Law}}
[[Hofstadter's Law]] is "It always takes longer than you expect, even when you take into account Hofstadter's Law." The law is stated in ''Gödel, Escher, Bach''.

=== Students ===
Hofstadter's former Ph.D. students<ref>{{cite web | title=People at the CRCC | publisher=The Center for Research on Concepts and Cognition | url=http://www.cogsci.indiana.edu/people.html | access-date=February 18, 2014 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222034909/http://www.cogsci.indiana.edu/people.html | archive-date=February 22, 2014 }}</ref> include (with dissertation title):

*[[David Chalmers]]{{snd}}Toward a Theory of Consciousness
*[[Robert M. French|Bob French]]{{snd}}Tabletop: An Emergent, Stochastic Model of Analogy-Making
*[[Gary McGraw]]{{snd}}Letter Spirit (Part One): Emergent High-level Perception of Letters Using Fluid Concepts
*[[Melanie Mitchell]]{{snd}}Copycat: A Computer Model of High-Level Perception and Conceptual Slippage in Analogy-making