Editing Dorothy Parker (section)

== Hollywood ==
In February 1932, over a breakup with boyfriend John McClain, Parker attempted suicide by swallowing barbiturates.<ref name="breaks-at-the-lowell">{{cite web |last1=Fitzpatrick |first1=Kevin |title=Writer's Block Breaks at The Lowell |url=https://dorothyparker.com/dorothy-parker-homes/writers-block-breaks-at-the-lowell |website=Dorothy Parker Society |access-date=26 November 2024}}</ref><ref name="sun-shines">{{cite web |last1=Fitzpatrick |first1=Kevin |title=The Sun Shines on Dorothy Parker |url=https://dorothyparker.com/dorothy-parker-haunts/the-sun-shines-on-dorothy-parker |website=Dorothy Parker Society |access-date=26 November 2024}}</ref><ref name="Waltzing Lowell">{{cite web |title=Waltzing out of The Lowell: Dorothy Parker's Sojourn in an East Side Hotel |url=https://amlit.commons.gc.cuny.edu/archives/1204 |website=New York State of Mind: Mapping New York Literary History |access-date=26 November 2024 |language=en |date=19 July 2016}}</ref><ref name="nhL/parker-west-hollywood">{{cite web |title=Dorothy Parker in West Hollywood |url=https://www.nickharvilllibraries.com/blog/dorothy-parker-and-alan-campbell-in-west-hollywood |website=Nick Harvill Libraries |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929023851/https://www.nickharvilllibraries.com/blog/dorothy-parker-and-alan-campbell-in-west-hollywood |archive-date=September 29, 2021 |language=en |quote=Dorothy Parker, Flanked by John McClain and Roger Davis}}</ref>

In 1932, she met [[Alan Campbell (screenwriter)|Alan Campbell]],{{sfn|Meade|1987|p=238}} an actor hoping to become a screenwriter. They married two years later in [[Raton, New Mexico]]. Campbell's mixed parentage was the reverse of Parker's: he had a German-Jewish mother and a Scottish father. She learned that he was [[bisexual]] and subsequently proclaimed in public that he was "queer as a billy goat".<ref name="Wallace2012">{{cite book |last=Wallace |first=David |title=Capital of the World: A Portrait of New York City in the Roaring Twenties |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ivN7BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA184 |date=September 4, 2012 |publisher=Lyons Press |isbn=978-0-7627-6819-6 |pages=184–}}</ref> The pair moved to Hollywood and signed ten-week contracts with [[Paramount Pictures]], with Campbell (also expected to act) earning $250 per week and Parker earning $1,000 per week. They would eventually earn $2,000 and sometimes more than $5,000 per week as freelancers for various studios.{{sfn|Silverstein|1996|p=40}} She and Campbell "[received] writing credit for over 15 films between 1934 and 1941".<ref>{{Cite web | title=Alan Campbell and Dorothy Parker Collection, [1930]–1949 (majority within 1938–1946) | url=https://findingaids.lib.umich.edu/catalog/umich-scl-campbellparker | website=University of Michigan | access-date=August 15, 2023}}</ref>

In 1933, when informed that famously taciturn former president [[Calvin Coolidge]] had died, Parker remarked, "How could they tell?"<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Greenberg |first=David |url=https://archive.org/details/calvincoolidge00gree/page/9 |title=Calvin Coolidge |date=2006 |publisher=Times Books |isbn=978-0-8050-6957-0 |series=The American Presidents Series |page=[https://archive.org/details/calvincoolidge00gree/page/9 9] |access-date=March 19, 2015}}</ref>

In 1935, Parker contributed lyrics for the song "[[I Wished on the Moon]]", with music by [[Ralph Rainger]]. The song was introduced in ''[[The Big Broadcast of 1936]]'' by [[Bing Crosby]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The great Hollywood musical pictures |last1=Parish |first1=J.R. |last2=Pitts |first2=M.R. |isbn=978-0-8108-2529-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bnFZAAAAMAAJ |date=1992 |publisher=[[Scarecrow Press]]}}</ref>

With Campbell and [[Robert Carson (writer)|Robert Carson]], she wrote the script for the 1937 film ''[[A Star Is Born (1937 film)|A Star Is Born]]'', for which they were nominated for an [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]] for Best Writing—Screenplay. She wrote additional dialogue for ''[[The Little Foxes (film)|The Little Foxes]]'' in 1941. Together with [[Frank Cavett]], she received a "Writing (Motion Picture Story)" Oscar nomination for ''[[Smash-Up, the Story of a Woman]]'' (1947),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1948| title=1948 | publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|website=Oscars | date=5 October 2014 | access-date=September 1, 2023}}</ref> starring [[Susan Hayward]].

After the U.S. entered the Second World War, Parker and [[Alexander Woollcott]] collaborated to produce an anthology of her work as part of a series published by [[Viking Press]] for servicemen overseas. With an introduction by [[W. Somerset Maugham]],{{sfn|Meade|1987|p=318}} ''The Portable Dorothy Parker'' (1944) compiled over two dozen of her short stories, along with selected poems from ''Enough Rope'', ''Sunset Gun'', and ''Death and Taxes''. In 1976, when a revised and enlarged edition of the book was released, the "Publishers' Note" stated that of the 75 volumes in the Viking Portable Library series, ''Dorothy Parker'' was one of three—along with ''[[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]'' and ''[[Bible|The World Bible]]''—that "have remained continuously in print and selling steadily through time and change."{{sfn|Parker|1976|p=v}}

During the 1930s and 1940s, Parker became an increasingly vocal advocate of civil liberties and civil rights and a frequent critic of authority figures. During the [[Great Depression]], she was among numerous American intellectuals and artists who became involved in related social movements. She reported in 1937 on the [[Republican faction (Spanish Civil War)|Loyalist cause in Spain]] for the Communist magazine ''[[New Masses]]''.{{sfn|Meade|1987|p=285}} At the behest of [[Otto Katz]], a covert Soviet Comintern agent and operative of German Communist Party agent [[Willi Münzenberg]], Parker helped to found the [[Hollywood Anti-Nazi League]] in 1936, which the FBI suspected of being a Communist Party front.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Koch |first=Stephen |title=Double lives: Stalin, Willi Münzenberg and the seduction of the intellectuals |date=2004 |publisher=Enigma |isbn=978-1-929631-20-9 |edition=Rev. and updated |location=New York, N.Y}}</ref> The League's membership eventually grew to around 4,000. According to [[David Caute]], its often wealthy members were "able to contribute as much to [Communist] Party funds as the whole American working class", although they may not have been intending to support the Party cause.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite book |last=Caute |first=David |title=The fellow travellers: intellectual friends of communism |date=1988 |publisher=Yale Univ. Pr |isbn=978-0-300-04195-8 |edition=2., rev. |location=New Haven}}</ref>

Parker also chaired the [[Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee]]'s fundraising arm, "Spanish Refugee Appeal". She organized Project Rescue Ship to transport Loyalist veterans to Mexico, headed Spanish Children's Relief, and lent her name to many other left-wing causes and organizations.<ref>{{cite book |last=Buhle |first=Paul |author2=Dave Wagner |title=Radical Hollywood: The Untold Story Behind America's Favorite Movies |publisher=The New Press |year=2002 |location=New York |page=89 |isbn=1-56584-718-0}}</ref> Her former Round Table friends saw less and less of her, and her relationship with Robert Benchley became particularly strained (although they would reconcile).{{sfn|Altman|1997|p=314}} Parker met [[S. J. Perelman]] at a party in 1932 and, despite a rocky start (Perelman called it "a scarifying ordeal"),{{sfn|Perelman|1981|p=171}} they remained friends for the next 35 years. They became neighbors when the Perelmans helped Parker and Campbell buy a run-down farm in [[Bucks County, Pennsylvania]], near [[New Hope, Pennsylvania|New Hope]], a popular summer destination among many writers and artists from New York.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=A Guide to Exploring The Brilliance of Bucks County |last=LeGrand |first=Marty |date=July 2024 |url=https://www.baltimoremagazine.com/section/artsentertainment/bucks-county-pennsylvania-travel-guide-doylestown-new-hope-michener-museum/ |magazine=[[Baltimore (magazine)|Baltimore]]}}</ref>

After the [[attack on Pearl Harbor]], Parker applied for a passport with plans to become a foreign correspondent, but her application was denied for political reasons.<ref name=Sorel_article/> The [[FBI]] had compiled a 1,000-page dossier on her, detailing her involvement in leftist activities, which doomed her post-war screenwriting career. It was the time of the [[Second Red Scare]] when Senator [[Joseph McCarthy]] was raising alarms about communists in government and Hollywood.<ref>{{cite book |last=Kunkel |first=Thomas |title=Genius in Disguise: Harold Ross of The New Yorker |publisher=Carrol & Graf |year=1996 |page=[https://archive.org/details/geniusindisguise00kunk/page/405 405] |isbn=0-7867-0323-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/geniusindisguise00kunk/page/405}}</ref> In 1950, she was identified as a [[Communist]] by the anti-Communist publication ''[[Red Channels]]''.<ref>{{cite book |chapter=Dorothy Parker: Writer, Versifier | title=[[Red Channels]]: The Report of Communist Influence in Radio and Television | location=New York | publisher=Counterattack | year=1950 | pages=115–116}} [https://www.historyonthenet.com/authentichistory/1946-1960/4-cwhomefront/1-mccarthyism/Red_Channels/Red_Channels_19500622_pg115.jpg Page 115], [https://www.historyonthenet.com/authentichistory/1946-1960/4-cwhomefront/1-mccarthyism/Red_Channels/Red_Channels_19500622_pg116.jpg page 116]; both via The Authentic History Center; retrieved August 24, 2023.</ref> As a result, movie studio bosses placed her on the [[Hollywood blacklist]]. Her final screenplay was ''[[The Fan (1949 film)|The Fan]]'', a 1949 adaptation of [[Oscar Wilde]]'s ''[[Lady Windermere's Fan]]'', directed by [[Otto Preminger]].<ref>{{Cite book | last=Hunter | first=I.Q. |year=2013 |chapter=What Fresh Hell is This? |title=British Trash Cinema |doi=10.5040/9781838711177.ch-010|isbn=978-1-83871-117-7 |pages=164–177 | publisher=British Film Institute}}</ref>

With only a small income from her book royalties, Parker and Campbell moved into an apartment "in an unfashionable [[West Hollywood, California|West Hollywood]] neighborhood."<ref name=Sorel_article>{{cite news |last=Sorel |first=Edward |title=The Literati: Mr. and Mrs. Dorothy Parker's Arrival in Hollywood |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/07/books/review/dorothy-parker-alan-campbell.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 7, 2018}}</ref> She collected [[unemployment benefits]] while listing herself each week as available for work.<ref name=Sorel_article/> Her persistent money troubles in Hollywood contributed to her harsh assessment of the place during a 1956 interview in New York:{{blockquote|"Hollywood money isn't money. It's congealed snow, melts in your hand, and there you are. I can't talk about Hollywood. It was a horror to me when I was there and it's a horror to look back on. I can't imagine how I did it. When I got away from it I couldn't even refer to the place by name. 'Out there,' I called it."{{sfn|Gourevitch|2006|p=15}}}}

Her marriage to Campbell was tempestuous, with tensions exacerbated by her increasing alcohol consumption and by his long-term affair with a married woman in Europe during [[World War II]].{{sfn|Meade|1987|p=327}} Parker and Campbell divorced in 1947,{{sfn|Meade|1987|p=329}} remarried in 1950,{{sfn|Meade|1987|p=339}} and then separated again in 1952 when she moved back to New York.<ref name="google2">{{cite magazine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mqz2cxXtwEQC&q=%22East+74th%22&pg=PA41 |author-first=James |author-last=Malanowski |title=Dead & Famous: Where the Grim Reaper has Walked in New York |magazine=Spy |date=July 17, 1959 |access-date=April 10, 2013}}</ref> From 1957 to 1962, she wrote book reviews for ''[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Parker |first=Dorothy |url=https://classic.esquire.com/article/1959/11/1/book-reviews |title=Book Reviews |date=November 1, 1959 |website=Esquire Classic |series=The Complete Archive |language=en-US}}</ref> Her writing became increasingly erratic owing to her continued abuse of alcohol. She returned to Hollywood in 1961, reconciled once more with Campbell, and collaborated with him on a number of unproduced projects until Campbell died from a drug overdose in 1963.{{sfn|Meade|1987|p=392–3}}