Editing Door (section)

== Types ==
[[File:Types of doors.png|thumb|The main types of door mechanisms]]

=== Hinged ===
Most doors are [[hinge]]d along one side to allow the door to pivot away from the doorway in one direction, but not the other. The axis of rotation is usually vertical. In some cases, such as hinged [[garage door]]s, the axis may be horizontal, above the door opening.

Doors can be hinged so that the axis of rotation is not in the plane of the door to reduce the space required on the side to which the door opens. This requires a mechanism so that the axis of rotation is on the side other than that in which the door opens. This is sometimes the case in trains or airplanes, such as for the door to the toilet, which opens inward.

* A '''swing door''' has special single-action hinges that allow it to open either outward or inward, and is usually sprung to keep it closed.
* '''French doors''' are derived from the French design called the casement door. It is a door with lites where all or some panels would be in a casement door. A French door traditionally has a moulded panel at the bottom of the door. It is called a French window when used in a pair as double-leaved doors with large glass panels in each door leaf, and in which the doors may swing out (typically) as well as in.
* A '''double-acting door''', patented in 1880 by the Dutch-American engineer Lorenz Bommer, swings both ways. They are often used in areas where many people are likely to pass through, such as restaurant kitchens.<ref>[https://www.bommer.com/about-us/ About us] Bommer</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://idighardware.com/2016/06/double-acting-doors/|title=Double-Acting Doors|first=Lori|last=Greene|date=June 27, 2016}}</ref>
* A '''Dutch door''' or stable door consists of two halves. The top half operates independently from the bottom half. A variant exists in which opening the top part separately is possible, but because the lower part has a lip on the inside, closing the top part, while leaving the lower part open, is not.
* A '''garden door''' resembles a French window (with lites), but is more secure because only one door is operable. The hinge of the operating door is next to the adjacent fixed door and the latch is located at the wall opening jamb rather than between the two doors or with the use of an [[espagnolette]] bolt.
* A '''[[Lev door]]''' or convection door is an internal floor-to-ceiling (full height) door, consisting of a standard door leaf and an upper leaf in place of the usual header wall. The leaves may or may not be separated by a [[Transom (architecture)|transom]]. The doors enable effective [[convection]] of warm air.

=== Sliding ===
It is often useful to have doors which slide along tracks, often for space or aesthetic considerations.

A '''bypass door''' is a door unit that has two or more sections. The doors can slide in either direction along one axis on parallel overhead tracks, sliding past each other. They are most commonly used in closets to provide access one side of the closet at a time. Doors in a bypass unit overlap slightly when viewed from the front so they do not have a visible gap when closed.

Doors which slide inside a wall cavity are called '''[[pocket door]]s'''. This type of door is used in tight spaces where privacy is also required. The door slab is mounted to roller and a track at the top of the door and slides inside a wall.

Sliding glass doors are common in many houses, particularly as an entrance to the backyard. Such doors are also popular for use for the entrances to commercial structures, although they are not counted as fire exit doors. The door that moves is called the "active leaf", while the door that remains fixed is called the "inactive leaf".

=== Rotating ===

* A '''[[revolving door]]''' has several wings or leaves, generally four, radiating from a central shaft, forming compartments that rotate about a vertical axis. A revolving door allows people to pass in both directions without colliding, and forms an airlock maintaining a seal between inside and out.
* A '''pivot door''', instead of hinges, is supported on a bearing some distance away from the edge, so that there is more or less of a gap on the pivot side as well as the opening side. In some cases the pivot is central, creating two equal openings.

=== High-speed ===
A '''[[high-speed door]]''' is a very fast door some with opening speeds of up to 4&nbsp;m/s, mainly used in the industrial sector where the speed of a door has an effect on production logistics, temperature and pressure control. High-speed [[cleanroom]] doors, usually consisting of a transparent material on a stainless steel frame, are used in pharmaceutical industries to allow passage between work areas while admitting minimal contaminants. The powerful high-speed doors have a smooth surface structure and no protruding edges, allowing minimal particle retention and easy cleaning.

High-speed doors are made to handle a high number of openings, generally more than 200,000 a year. They must be built with heavy-duty parts and counterbalance systems for speed enhancement and emergency opening function. The door curtain was originally made of PVC, but was later also developed in aluminium and acrylic glass sections. High-speed refrigeration and cold-room doors with excellent insulation values have also been introduced for [[Green energy|green]] and [[Energy saving|energy-saving]] requirements.

In North America, the Door and Access Systems Manufacturing Association (DASMA) defines high-performance doors as non-residential powered doors characterized by rolling, folding, sliding or swinging action, that are either high-cycle (minimum 100 cycles/day) or high-speed (minimum 20 inches (508&nbsp;mm)/second), and two out of three of the following: made-to-order for exact size and custom features, able to withstand equipment impact (break-away if accidentally hit by vehicle), or able to sustain heavy use with minimal maintenance.

=== Automatic ===
'''[[Automatic door|Automatically opening doors]]''' are powered open and closed either by electricity, spring, or both. There are several methods by which an automatically opening door is activated:

# A [[sensor]] detects traffic is approaching. Sensors for automatic doors are generally:
#* A [[pressure sensor]] – e.g., a floor mat which reacts to the pressure of someone standing on it.
#* An [[infrared]] [[curtain]] or beam which shines invisible light onto sensors; if someone or something blocks the beam the door is triggered open.
#* A [[motion sensor]] which uses low-power microwave [[radar]] for the same effect.
#* A remote sensor (e.g. based on infrared or radio waves) can be triggered by a portable [[remote control]], or is installed inside a vehicle. These are popular for garage doors.
# A [[switch]] is operated manually, perhaps after security checks. This can be a push button switch or a swipe card.
# The act of pushing or pulling the door triggers the open and close cycle. These are also known as power-assisted doors.

In addition to activation sensors, automatically opening doors are generally fitted with safety sensors. These are usually an infrared curtain or beam, but can be a pressure mat fitted on the swing side of the door. The safety sensor prevents the door from colliding with an object by stopping or slowing its motion. A mechanism in modern automatic doors ensures that the door can open in a power failure.

=== Other ===
[[Image:Puertas seccionales.jpg|thumb|right|Sectional doors for industry]]
* '''Up-and-over''' or '''overhead''' doors are often used in garages. Instead of hinges, it has a mechanism, often [[counterbalance]]d or [[torsion spring|sprung]], so it can lift and rest horizontally above the opening. A [[roller shutter]] or '''sectional overhead door''' is one variant of this type.
* A '''[[tambour door]]''' or roller door is an up-and-over door made of narrow horizontal slats that rolls up and down by sliding along vertical tracks; it is typically found in entertainment centres and cabinets.
* '''Rebated doors''', a term chiefly used in Britain, are double doors with a lip or overlap (i.e. a [[rabbet]]) on the vertical edge(s) where they meet. Fire-rating can be achieved with an applied edge-guard or astragal molding on the meeting stile, in accordance with the American [[fire door]].