Editing Dodo (section)

=== Etymology ===
{{Wiktionary|dodo}}
[[File:View of the Mauritius roadstead - engraving.jpg|thumb|alt=Engraving showing Dutch sailors working on Mauritius, as well as several local animals, including a dodo|left|1601 engraving showing Dutch activities on the shore of Mauritius and the first published depiction of a dodo on the left (2, called "''Walchvoghel''")]]
One of the original names for the dodo was the Dutch "''Walghvoghel''", first used in the journal of Dutch [[Vice Admiral]] Wybrand van Warwijck, who visited Mauritius during the Second Dutch Expedition to Indonesia in 1598.<ref name=Hume2006>{{cite journal| doi = 10.1080/08912960600639400| last = Hume| first = J. P.| author-link = Julian Pender Hume| year = 2006| title = The History of the Dodo ''Raphus cucullatus'' and the Penguin of Mauritius| journal = Historical Biology| volume = 18| issue = 2| pages = 69–93| bibcode = 2006HBio...18...69H| issn = 0891-2963| url = http://julianhume.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/History-of-the-dodo-Hume.pdf| citeseerx = 10.1.1.695.6929| s2cid = 2954728| access-date = 11 January 2011| archive-date = 12 November 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201112023437/http://julianhume.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/History-of-the-dodo-Hume.pdf| url-status = live}}</ref> ''Walghe'' means "tasteless", "insipid", or "sickly", and {{lang|nl|voghel}} means "bird". The name was translated by Jakob Friedlib into German as ''Walchstök'' or ''Walchvögel''. The original Dutch report titled ''Waarachtige Beschryving'' was lost, but the English translation survived:{{sfn|Parish|2013|pp=3–5}}{{sfn|Parish|2013|pp=134–141}}
{{quotation |On their left hand was a little island which they named Heemskirk Island, and the bay it selve they called Warwick Bay... Here they taried 12. daies to refresh themselues, finding in this place great quantity of foules twice as bigge as swans, which they call Walghstocks or Wallowbirdes being very good meat. But finding an abundance of pigeons & popinnayes [parrots], they disdained any more to eat those great foules calling them Wallowbirds, that is to say lothsome or fulsome birdes.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hakluyt|first1=Richard|title=A Selection of Curious, Rare and Early Voyages and Histories of Interesting Discoveries|year=2013|orig-year=1812|publisher=R.H. Evans and R. Priestley|location=London (UK)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-s3AQAAMAAJ|access-date=14 March 2016|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315014516/https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-s3AQAAMAAJ|url-status=live}} p.&nbsp;253.</ref>{{sfn|Fuller|2002|p=51}}}}

Another account from that voyage, perhaps the first to mention the dodo, states that the Portuguese referred to them as penguins. The meaning may not have been derived from ''[[penguin]]'' (the Portuguese referred to those birds as "''fotilicaios''" at the time), but from ''[[pinioning|pinion]]'', a reference to the small wings.<ref name=Hume2006/> The crew of the Dutch ship ''Gelderland'' referred to the bird as "Dronte" (meaning "swollen") in 1602, a name that is still used in some languages.<ref name=Fuller2001pp194>{{cite book | last = Fuller | first = Errol | author-link = Errol Fuller | year = 2001 | title = Extinct Birds | edition = revised | publisher = Comstock | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-8014-3954-4 }} pp.&nbsp;194{{ndash}}203.</ref> This crew also called them "griff-eendt" and "kermisgans", in reference to [[fowl]] fattened for the [[Kermesse festival]] in [[Amsterdam]], which was held the day after they anchored on Mauritius.{{sfn|Cheke|Hume|2008|pp=22–23}}

[[File:Lophopsittacus.mauritianus.jpg|thumb|alt=Crude sketch of three terrestrial birds, captioned with the words "a Cacato, a Hen, a Dodo"|Labelled sketch from 1634 by [[Sir Thomas Herbert]], showing a [[broad-billed parrot]], a [[red rail]], and a dodo]]
The [[etymology]] of the word ''dodo'' is unclear. Some ascribe it to the Dutch word ''dodoor'' for "sluggard", but it is more probably related to ''Dodaars'', which means either "fat-arse" or "knot-arse", referring to the knot of feathers on the hind end.{{sfn|Fuller|2002|pp=17–18}} The first record of the word ''Dodaars'' is in Captain Willem Van West-Zanen's journal in 1602.<ref name=Staub1996>{{cite journal | last = Staub | first = France | author-link = France Staub | year = 1996 | title = Dodo and solitaires, myths and reality | journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society of Arts & Sciences of Mauritius | volume = 6 | pages = 89–122 | url = http://www.potomitan.info/dodo/c32.php | access-date = 21 May 2007 | archive-date = 22 July 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110722002235/http://www.potomitan.info/dodo/c32.php | url-status = live }}</ref> The English writer [[Sir Thomas Herbert]] was the first to use the word ''dodo'' in print in his 1634 [[travel journal|travelogue]] claiming it was referred to as such by the Portuguese, who had visited Mauritius in 1507.{{sfn|Cheke|Hume|2008|pp=22–23}} Another Englishman, Emmanuel Altham, had used the word in a 1628 letter in which he also claimed its origin was Portuguese. The name "dodar" was introduced into English at the same time as dodo, but was only used until the 18th century.{{sfn|Cheke|Hume|2008|p=276}} As far as is known, the Portuguese never mentioned the bird. Nevertheless, some sources still state that the word ''dodo'' derives from the [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] word ''doudo'' (currently ''doido''), meaning "fool" or "crazy". It has also been suggested that ''dodo'' was an [[Onomatopoeia|onomatopoeic]] approximation of the bird's call, a two-note pigeon-like sound resembling "doo-doo".<ref name=Fuller2002p43>{{cite book | last = Fuller | first = Errol | author-link = Errol Fuller | year = 2002 | title = Dodo&nbsp;– From Extinction To Icon | publisher = [[HarperCollins]] | location = London | isbn = 978-0-00-714572-0 }} p.&nbsp;43.</ref>

The Latin name ''cucullatus'' ("hooded") was first used in 1635 by the Spanish Jesuit [[Juan Eusebio Nieremberg]] as ''[[Cygnus (genus)|Cygnus]] cucullatus'', in reference to [[Carolus Clusius]]'s 1605 depiction of a dodo.<ref name=Strickland4to112/><ref>{{ cite book | last=Nieremberg | first=Juan Eusebio | author-link=Juan Eusebio Nieremberg | date=1635| title=Historia natvrae, maxime peregrinae, libris XVI Distincta | location=Antverpiae | publisher=ex officina Plantiniana Balthasaris Moreti | page=231 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41798212 }}</ref> In the [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|tenth edition]] of his 18th-century classic work ''[[Systema Naturae]]'', the Swedish naturalist [[Carl Linnaeus]] used ''cucullatus'' as the specific name, but combined it with the genus name ''Struthio'' (ostrich).<ref>{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=Carl | author-link=Carl Linnaeus | year=1758 | title= Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | volume=1 | edition=10th | page=155 | publisher=Laurentii Salvii | location=Holmiae (Stockholm) | language=Latin | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727062 }}</ref> [[Mathurin Jacques Brisson]] coined the genus name ''Raphus'' (referring to the [[bustard]]s) in 1760, resulting in the current name ''Raphus cucullatus''.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Brisson | first=Mathurin Jacques | author-link=Mathurin Jacques Brisson | year=1760 | title=Ornithologie, ou, Méthode Contenant la Division des Oiseaux en Ordres, Sections, Genres, Especes & leurs Variétés | language=French, Latin | at=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36010444 Vol. 1, p. 46], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36294272 Vol. 5, p. 14] | location=Paris | publisher=Jean-Baptiste Bauche }}</ref> In 1766, Linnaeus coined the new binomial ''Didus ineptus'' (meaning "inept dodo"). This has become a [[synonym (taxonomy)|synonym]] of the earlier name because of [[nomenclatural priority]].<ref>{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=Carl | author-link=Carl Linnaeus | year=1766 | title=Systema naturae : per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | edition=12th | volume=1, Part 1 | publisher=Laurentii Salvii  | location=Holmiae (Stockholm) | language=Latin | page=267 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42946463 }}</ref>{{sfn|Fuller|2002|pp=147–149}}