Editing Doñana National Park (section)

===Antiquity===
[[File:Doñana National Park from the river.jpg|thumb|Banks of the River Guadalquivir in Doñana National Park ([[Almonte, Spain|Almonte]])]]
Although the topography of Doñana is a relatively new land feature as measured on the [[geological time scale]], remains of [[Neolithic]] tools have been found in the area. Various ancient civilizations may have had a presence there as long as 2,800 years ago, including the [[Phoenicians]], the [[Phocaea]]n Greeks and the [[Tartessians]], but archaeological remains attesting to such have not been found.<ref name="SheftonLomas2004">{{cite book|author=Adolfo J. Domínguez|editor=Brian Benjamin Shefton |editor2=Kathryn Lomas|title=Greek Identity in the Western Mediterranean: Papers in Honour of Brian Shefton|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L-VmL59CfkcC&pg=PA430|year=2004|publisher=Brill|isbn=90-04-13300-3|pages=430–431|chapter=Greek Identity in the Phocaean Colonies}}</ref><ref name="Thomson2013">{{cite book|author=J. Oliver Thomson|title=History of Ancient Geography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GpP0wKQ1lksC&pg=PA53|date=28 March 2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-68992-3|page=53}}</ref><ref name="Dietler2015">{{cite book|author=Michael Dietler|title=Archaeologies of Colonialism: Consumption, Entanglement, and Violence in Ancient Mediterranean France|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=26owDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA107|date=22 September 2015|publisher=Univ of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-28757-0|page=107}}</ref> In 1923, the German archaeologist [[Adolf Schulten]], accompanied by Adolf Lammerer and [[George Edward Bonsor Saint Martin|George Bonsor]], searched for the location of the ancient Tartessian capital in [[Almonte, Spain|Almonte]], where the Doñana dunes are, but found nothing of interest. These excavations were carried out at Cerro del Trigo<ref name="Schulten2006">{{cite book|author=Adolf Schulten|title=Tartessos: contribución a la historia más antigua de Occidente|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ErVFeCm-wvsC&pg=PA12|year=2006|publisher=Editorial Renacimiento|isbn=978-84-8472-240-3|page=12}}</ref><ref name="Bonsor2012">{{cite web|title=Tartessos: El Cerro del Trigo|url=http://www.historiayarqueologia.com/profiles/blogs/jorge-bonsor-tartessos-el-cerro-de-trigo|author=Jorge Bonsor|year=2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140205035029/http://www.historiayarqueologia.com/profiles/blogs/jorge-bonsor-tartessos-el-cerro-de-trigo|archive-date=February 5, 2014 |publisher=Sonia Barja}}</ref> and funded by the Duke of Tarifa and Denia, then owner of Doñana.<ref>Schulten 2006, p. 20</ref> Nevertheless, in 1978 Schulten found the stele of Villamanrique<ref>{{cite book|title=Madrider Mitteilungen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rxppAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Villamanrique%22|year=1997|publisher=F. H. Kerle.|page=50}}</ref> at the nearby town of [[Villamanrique de la Condesa]]. Surveys were made in 2007 in the Hinojos salt marsh, or "[[Marisma de Hinojos]]", of Huelva province, in an effort to discover traces of the mythical city [[Atlantis]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Boyle |first=Rebecca |date=2011-03-14 |title=Scientists Say They May Have Found Lost City of Atlantis Near Spain |url=https://www.popsci.com/science/article/2011-03/scientists-say-theyve-found-lost-city-atlantis-swept-away-tsunami/ |access-date=2025-05-17 |website=Popular Science |language=en-US}}</ref> Noteworthy finds included the remains of Roman settlements, dating from the 2nd through the 5th centuries AD, which had been primarily engaged in fishing and fish salting or the preparation of [[garum]]. The [[Guadalquivir Marshes]] (''Las Marismas del Guadalquivir''), an area of marshy lowlands near the left bank of the mouth of the Guadalquivir, was then a large inland lake known as the ''Lacus Ligustinus'' in Latin.<ref name="ManjarrésPlácido1994">{{cite book|author1=Julio Mangas Manjarrés|author2=Domingo Plácido|title=Avieno|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DVimXgcW1AwC&pg=PA91|year=1994|publisher=Editorial Complutense|isbn=978-84-89039-00-1|page=91}}</ref> The lake slowly infilled with deposited sediment, gradually giving way to the current marshes.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Cambios Paleoambientales en la desembocadura del río Guadalquivir durante el Holoceno reciente.|journal=Geogaceta|author=F. Ruiz|author2=A. Rodríguez-Ramírez|volume=32|publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España|pages=167–170|url=http://www.sociedadgeologica.es/archivos/geogacetas/Geo31/Art42.pdf|year=2002|display-authors=etal|access-date=2014-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713175829/http://www.sociedadgeologica.es/archivos/geogacetas/Geo31/Art42.pdf|archive-date=2014-07-13|url-status=dead}}</ref>