Editing Dizzy Gillespie (section)

===Rise of Bebop===
[[File:D. Gillespie, J. Lewis, C. Payne, M. Davis, R. Brown.jpg|thumb|left|Gillespie with [[John Lewis (pianist)|John Lewis]], [[Cecil Payne]], [[Miles Davis]], and [[Ray Brown (musician)|Ray Brown]], between 1946 and 1948]]

Bebop was known as the first modern jazz style, but was unpopular following its onset and was not viewed as positively as swing music was. Bebop was seen as an outgrowth of swing, not a revolution. Swing introduced a diversity of new musicians in the bebop era like [[Charlie Parker]], [[Thelonious Monk]], [[Bud Powell]], [[Kenny Clarke]], [[Oscar Pettiford]], and Gillespie. Through these musicians, a new vocabulary of musical phrases was created. With Parker, Gillespie performed at famous jazz clubs like [[Minton's Playhouse]] and [[Monroe's Uptown House]]. Parker's system also held methods of adding chords to existing chord progressions and implying additional chords within the improvised lines.

Gillespie compositions like "[[Groovin' High]]", "[[Woody 'n' You]]", and "[[Salt Peanuts]]" sounded radically different, harmonically and rhythmically, from the [[swing (genre)|swing]] music popular at the time. "[[A Night in Tunisia]]", written in 1942, while he was playing with Earl Hines's band, is noted for having a feature that is common in today's music: a syncopated bass line.<ref name="Vazquez">{{cite journal |last1=Vazquez |first1=Jaime David |title=Bass Lines: Famous Bass Intros – Part XI – Dizzy Gillespie's 'Night in Tunisia' |journal=Bass Musician |date=2015}}</ref> "Woody 'n' You" was recorded in a session led by [[Coleman Hawkins]] with Gillespie as a featured [[sideman]] on February 16, 1944 ([[Apollo Records (1944)|Apollo]]), the first formal recording of bebop. He appeared in recordings by the Billy Eckstine band and started recording prolifically as a leader and sideman in early 1945. He was not content to let Bebop sit in a niche of small groups in small clubs. A concert by one of his small groups in New York's Town Hall on June 22, 1945, presented bebop to a broad audience; recordings of it were released in 2005. He started to organize big bands in late 1945. Dizzy Gillespie and his Bebop Six, which included Parker, started an extended gig at [[Billy Berg's]] club in Los Angeles in December 1945. Reception was mixed and the band broke up. In February 1946 he signed a contract with [[Bluebird Records|Bluebird]], gaining the distribution power of RCA for his music. He and his big band headlined the 1946 film ''[[Jivin' in Be-Bop]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmthreat.com/index.php?section=reviews&Id=6365|title='Jivin' in Be-Bop (DVD) |publisher=Filmthreat.com |date=August 17, 2004 |access-date=October 20, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091205152542/http://www.filmthreat.com/index.php?section=reviews |archive-date= December 5, 2009}}</ref>
[[File:Dizzy Gillespie in Helsingborg, Sweden 1959.jpg|thumb|335x335px|Gillespie performing in 1959]]
After his work with Parker, Gillespie led other small combos (including ones with [[Milt Jackson]], [[John Coltrane]], [[Lalo Schifrin]], [[Ray Brown (musician)|Ray Brown]], [[Kenny Clarke]], [[James Moody (saxophonist)|James Moody]], [[J. J. Johnson]], and [[Yusef Lateef]]) and put together his successful big bands starting in 1947. He and his big bands, with arrangements provided by [[Tadd Dameron]], [[Gil Fuller]], and [[George Russell (composer)|George Russell]], popularized bebop and made him a symbol of the new music.<ref name="Yanow">{{cite web |last1=Yanow |first1=Scott |title=Dizzy Gillespie |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/dizzy-gillespie-mn0000162677/biography |website=AllMusic |access-date=December 10, 2018 }}</ref>

His big bands of the late 1940s also featured Cuban ''[[rumbero]]s'' [[Chano Pozo]] and [[Sabu Martinez]], sparking interest in Afro-Cuban jazz. He appeared frequently as a soloist with [[Norman Granz]]'s [[Jazz at the Philharmonic]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Havers |first=Richard |date=2024-01-28 |title=How Norman Granz Revolutionized Jazz With 'Jazz at the Philharmonic' |url=https://www.udiscovermusic.com/stories/rediscover-jazz-at-the-philharmonic-volume-ii/ |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=uDiscover Music |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Greatest Jazz Concert Ever - A 1992 Interview With Drummer Max Roach {{!}} Billboard Canada |url=https://ca.billboard.com/fyi/greatest-jazz-concert-ever-1992-interview-drummer-max-roach |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=ca.billboard.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Freedland |first=Michael |date=2001-11-26 |title=Norman Granz |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2001/nov/26/guardianobituaries2 |access-date=2024-10-09 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

Gillespie and his Bebop Orchestra was the featured star of the 4th Cavalcade of Jazz concert held at [[Wrigley Field (Los Angeles)|Wrigley Field]] in Los Angeles which was produced by [[Leon Hefflin Sr.]] On September 12, 1948.<ref>{{Cite book |last=O'Connell |first=Sean J. |year=2014 |title=Los Angeles's Central Avenue Jazz |location=Charleston, South Carolina |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |isbn=978-1467131308 |oclc=866922945}}</ref> The young Gillespie had recently returned from Europe where his music was widely popular. The program description noted "the musicianship, inventive technique, and daring of this young man has created a new style, which can be defined as off the chord solo gymnastics."  Also performing that day were [[Frankie Laine]], [[Little Miss Cornshucks]], [[International Sweethearts of Rhythm|The Sweethearts of Rhythm]], [[Joe Liggins and the Honeydrippers|The Honeydrippers]], [[Big Joe Turner]], [[Jimmy Witherspoon]], The Blenders, and The Sensations.<ref>“Dizzy and Big Names Slated for Jazz Cavalcade Blowout” The California Eagle August 26, 1948</ref>

In 1948, Gillespie was involved in a traffic accident when the bicycle he was riding was bumped by an automobile. He was slightly injured and found that he could no longer hit the B-flat above high C. He won the case, but the jury awarded him only $1000 in view of his high earnings up to that point.<ref name="Belli">{{cite book |last1=Belli |first1=Marvin |title=Ready for the Plaintiff! |date=1956 | publisher=Popular Library|location= New York|quote=This brings to mind another "musical" case—that of Dizzy Gillespie, the Bebop King. He was "bopped" by an auto while he was riding a bicycle in Geneva, New York, in August, 1949, so he alleged, with the result that his chromatic chords&nbsp;...|pages=87 (1956), 106 (1965)|author1-link=Melvin Belli }}</ref>

In 1951, Gillespie founded his record label, [[Dee Gee Records]]; it closed in 1953.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/literature-and-arts/music-popular-and-jazz-biographies/dizzy-gillespie|title=Gillespie, Dizzy|work=Contemporary Musicians|year=2004|publisher=Gale|access-date=November 7, 2018}}</ref>

On January 6, 1953, he threw a party for his wife Lorraine at Snookie's, a club in Manhattan, where his trumpet's bell got bent upward in an accident, but he liked the sound so much he had a special trumpet made with a 45-degree raised bell, a customization that would become his trademark.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FRONTLINE: Real Audio Transcript |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/secret/oral/rat11.html |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=Pbs.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dizzy Gillespie Photos {{!}} Limited Edition Prints & Images For Sale |url=https://www.rockarchive.com/artists/d/dizzy-gillespie |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=Rockarchive |language=en}}</ref>

In 1956 Gillespie organized a band to go on a State Department tour of the Middle East which was well-received internationally and earned him the nickname "the Ambassador of Jazz".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.wwnorton.com/college/music/enj9/shorter/composers/dizzy.htm|title=from Ken Burns's Jazz, A Gillespie Biography |website=Wwnorton.com |access-date=October 20, 2010 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101024092435/http://www.wwnorton.com/college/music/enj9/shorter/composers/dizzy.htm|archive-date=October 24, 2010  }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/jazz/biography/artist_id_gillespie_dizzy.htm|title=Ken Burns's Jazz, A Gillespie Biography |publisher=PBS.org |access-date=October 20, 2010 }}</ref> During this time, he also continued to lead a big band that performed throughout the United States and featured musicians including [[Pee Wee Moore]] and others. This band recorded [[Dizzy Gillespie at Newport|a live album]] at the 1957 Newport jazz festival that featured [[Mary Lou Williams]] as a guest artist on piano.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cunniffe |first=Thomas |date=2023-11-28 |title=TWO NEW VERSIONS OF MARY LOU WILLIAMS' "ZODIAC SUITE" |url=https://jazzhistoryonline.com/two-new-versions-of-mary-lou-williams-zodiac-suite/ |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=Jazz History Online |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-03 |title=Mary Lou Williams and the music of salvation |url=https://catholicstarherald.org/mary-lou-williams-and-the-music-of-salvation/ |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=Catholic Star Herald |language=en-US}}</ref>