Editing Dissociative identity disorder (section)

===Comorbid disorders===
The [[psychiatric history]] frequently contains multiple previous diagnoses of various disorders and [[therapy|treatment]] failures.<ref name=webmd>{{cite web |url=http://www.webmd.com/mental-health/dissociative-identity-disorder-multiple-personality-disorder?page=3 |title=Dissociative identity disorder (multiple personality disorder): Signs, symptoms, treatment |publisher=[[WebMD]] |last=Johnson |first=K |date=2012-05-26 |access-date=2012-08-03 }}</ref> The most common presenting complaint of DID is [[depression (mood)|depression]] (90%) that is often treatment-resistant, with [[headache]]s and non-epileptic seizures being common neurologic symptoms. Comorbid disorders include [[post-traumatic stress disorder]] (PTSD), [[substance use disorder]]s, [[eating disorder]]s, [[anxiety disorder]]s, [[personality disorders]], and [[Autism spectrum|autism spectrum disorder]].<ref name="Dorahy2014">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dorahy MJ, Brand BL, Sar V, Krüger C, Stavropoulos P, Martínez-Taboas A, Lewis-Fernández R, Middleton W |date=2014 |title=Dissociative identity disorder: An empirical overview |journal=Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry |volume=48 |issue=5 |pages=402–417 |doi=10.1177/0004867414527523 |pmid=24788904 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free |hdl=2263/43470}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Science and Pseudoscience in Clinical Psychology |vauthors=Lilienfeld SO, Lynn SJ |publisher=Guilford Publications |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-4625-1789-3 |page=141 |chapter=Dissociative Identity Disorder: A Contemporary Scientific Perspective |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9Z0gBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA141}}</ref><!-- Galbraith ref replaced but text unchanged, commenting out since it may be useful in legal section.<ref name=Galbraith>{{cite journal |vauthors=Galbraith PM, Neubauer PJ |title=Underwriting considerations for dissociative disorders |journal=Journal of Insurance Medicine |volume=32 |issue=2 |pages=71–78 |year=2000 |pmid=15912905 |url=http://www.aaimedicine.org/journal-of-insurance-medicine/jim/2000/032-02-0071.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.aaimedicine.org/journal-of-insurance-medicine/jim/2000/032-02-0071.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live }}</ref> --> 30-70% of those diagnosed with DID have history of [[borderline personality disorder]].<ref name="Shadows">{{Cite journal |last1=Reinders |first1=Antje A. T. S. |last2=Veltman |first2=Dick J. |title=Dissociative identity disorder: out of the shadows at last? |journal=The British Journal of Psychiatry |year=2021 |volume=219 |issue=2 |pages=413–414 |doi=10.1192/bjp.2020.168 |pmid=33023686 |s2cid=222182562 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Presentations of dissociation in people with [[schizophrenia]] differ from those with DID as not being rooted in trauma, and this distinction can be effectively tested, although both conditions share a high rate of  auditory hallucinations in the form of voices.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moskowitz |first=Andrew |date=July 2012 |title=Commentary on "Dissociation and Psychosis in Dissociative Identity Disorder and Schizophrenia" (Laddis & Dell) |journal=Journal of Trauma & Dissociation |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=414–417 |doi=10.1080/15299732.2011.621017 |pmid=22651675 |s2cid=13465660 }}</ref> Disturbed and altered [[sleep]] has also been suggested as having a role in dissociative disorders in general and specifically in DID, alterations in environments also largely affecting the DID patient.<ref name="Kloet2012" /> Individuals diagnosed with DID demonstrate the highest [[hypnosis|hypnotizability]] of any clinical population.{{Citation needed|date=April 2025}}