Editing Diprotodon (section)

===Phylogeny===
{{Multiple image
|total_width = 400
|image1 = Wombat 1.jpg
|image2 = Koala climbing tree.jpg
|footer = ''Diprotodon''{{'}}s closest living relatives are [[wombat]]s (left) and [[koala]]s (right)
}}

''Diprotodon'' is a marsupial in the [[order (biology)|order]] [[Diprotodontia]],{{efn|In 1868, Owen classified all marsupials (living or extinct) into either the [[order (biology)|orders]] [[Polyprotodontia]] (characterised by multiple pairs of [[mandible|mandibular]] [[incisor]]s) or [[Diprotodontia]] (a single pair of mandibular incisors). The name Diprotodontia does not derive from ''Diprotodon''.<ref>{{cite book|first=R.|last=Owen|author-link=Richard Owen|year=1868|title=On the anatomy of vertebrates|publisher=Longmans, Green|volume=3|page=293|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/78309#page/305/mode/1up|doi=10.5962/bhl.title.33654}}</ref> Marsupialia is divided into several orders, of which Diprotodontia is the largest.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Meredith|first=R. W. |author2=Westerman, M. |author3=Springer, M. S.|year=2009|title=A phylogeny of Diprotodontia (Marsupialia) based on sequences for five nuclear genes|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=51|issue=3 |pages=554–571|url=http://www.montclair.edu/profilepages/media/5008/user/Meredith_et_al._2009_A_phylogeny_of_Diprotodontia_%28Marsupialia%29_based_on_sequences_for_five_nuclear_genes.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518100116/http://www.montclair.edu/profilepages/media/5008/user/Meredith_et_al._2009_A_phylogeny_of_Diprotodontia_%28Marsupialia%29_based_on_sequences_for_five_nuclear_genes.pdf |archive-date=2015-05-18 |url-status=live|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2009.02.009|pmid=19249373|bibcode=2009MolPE..51..554M }}</ref>}} [[suborder]] [[Vombatiformes]] (wombats and koalas), and [[infraorder]] Vombatomorphia (wombats and allies). It is unclear how different groups of vombatiformes are related to each other because the most-completely known members—living or extinct—are exceptionally [[apomorphy and synapomorphy|derived]] (highly specialised forms that are quite different from their [[last common ancestor]]).<ref name=Beck2020/>

In 1872, American mammalogist [[Theodore Gill]] erected the [[superfamily (taxonomy)|superfamily]] Diprotodontoidea and [[family (biology)|family]] [[Diprotodontidae]] to house ''Diprotodon''.<ref>{{cite book|first=T.|last=Gill|author-link=Theodore Gill|year=1876|title=Arrangement of the families of mammals|series=Smithsonian miscellaneous collections|volume=11|issue=1|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|pages=25–26|doi=10.5962/bhl.title.14607|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16824 }}</ref> New species were later added to both groups; by the 1960s, the first diprotodontoids dating to before the [[Pliocene]] were discovered, better clarifying their relationship to each other. Because of this, in 1967, American palaeontologist [[Ruben A. Stirton]] subdivided Diprotodontoidea into one family, Diprotodontidae, with four [[subfamily|subfamilies]]; Diprotodontinae (containing ''Diprotodon'' among others), Nototheriinae, Zygomaturinae, and Palorchestinae.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Stirton|first1=R. A.|last2=Woodburne|first2=M. O.|last3=Plane|first3=M. D.|year=1967|title=A phylogeny of the Tertiary Diprotodontidae and its significance in correlation|publisher=Bureau of Mineral Resources|journal=Geology and Geophysics Bulletin|volume=85|pages=149–160}}</ref> In 1977, Australian palaeontologist Michael Archer synonymised Nototheriinae with Diprotodontinae<ref name=Archer1977>{{cite journal|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48741798#page/71/mode/1up|last=Archer|first=M.|year=1977|title=Origins and subfamilial relationships of ''Diprotodon'' (Diprotodontidae, Marsupialia)|journal=Memoirs of the Queensland Museum|volume=18|pages=37–39}}</ref> and in 1978, Archer and Australian palaeontologist Alan Bartholomai elevated Palorchestinae to family level as [[Palorchestidae]], leaving Diprotodontoidea with families Diprotodontidae and Palorchestidae; and Diprotodontidae with subfamilies Diprotodontinae and Zygomaturinae.<ref>{{cite journal|first1=M.|last1=Archer|first2=A.|last2=Bartholomai|year=1978|title=Tertiary mammals of Australia: a synoptic review|journal=Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology|volume=2|issue=1|page=8|doi=10.1080/03115517808619074|bibcode=1978Alch....2....1A }}</ref>

Below is the Diprotodontoidea family tree according to Australian palaeontologists [[Karen H. Black]] and Brian Mackness, 1999 (top),<ref name=Black1999/> and Vombatiformes family tree according to Beck ''et al.'' 2020 (bottom):<ref name=Beck2020/>

{{clade
|label1 = [[Diprotodontoidea]]
|1 = {{clade
 |1 = [[Palorchestidae]]
 |label2 = [[Diprotodontidae]]
 |2 = {{clade
  |label1 = [[Diprotodontinae]]
  |label2 = [[Zygomaturinae]]
  |1 = {{clade
   |1 = {{clade
    |1 = ''[[Ngapakaldia]]''
    |2 = ''[[Pitikantia]]''
    }}
   |2 = {{clade
    |1 = ''[[Bematherium]]''
    |2 = {{clade
     |1 = ''[[Pyramios]]''
     |2 = {{clade
      |1 = {{clade
       |1 = ''[[Meniscolophus]]''
       |2 = ''[[Euowenia]]''
       }}
      |2 = {{clade
       |1 = ''[[Euryzygoma]]''
       |2 = '''''Diprotodon'''''
       }}
      }}
     }}
    }}
   }}
  |2 = {{clade
   |1 = ''[[Silvabestius]]''
   |2 = {{clade
    |1 = ''[[Alkwertatherium]]''
    |2 = {{clade
     |1 = ''[[Nimbadon]]''
     |2 = {{clade
      |1 = {{clade
       |1 = ''[[Plaisiodon]]''
       |2 = ''[[Kolopsoides]]''
       }}
      |2 = {{clade
       |1 = ''[[Neohelos]]''
       |2 = {{clade
        |1 = ''[[Kolopsis]]''
        |2 = {{clade
         |1 = {{clade
          |1 = ''[[Maokopia]]''
          |2 = ''[[Hulitherium]]''
          }}
         |2 = ''[[Zygomaturus]]''
         }}
        }}
       }}
      }}
     }}
    }}
   }}
  }}
 }}
}}

{{clade
|label1 = [[Vombatiformes]]
|1 = {{clade
 |1 = [[Thylacoleonidae]]
 |2 = {{clade
  |label2 = [[Vombatomorphia]]
  |1 = [[Phascolarctidae]] (koalas)
  |2 = {{clade
   |1 = [[Vombatidae]] (wombats)
   |label2 = [[Diprotodontoidea]]
   |2 = {{clade
    |1 = ''[[Ngapakaldia]]''
    |2 = {{clade
     |1 = {{clade
      |1 = ''[[Nimbadon]]''
      |2 = ''[[Neohelos]]''
      }}
     |2 = {{clade
      |label2 = [[Diprotodontidae]]
      |1 = [[Palorchestidae]]
      |2 = {{clade
       |1 = ''[[Kolopsis]]''
       |2 = {{clade
        |1 = '''''Diprotodon'''''
        |2 = {{clade
         |1 = ''[[Euryzygoma]]''
         |2 = ''[[Zygomaturus]]''
         }}
        }}
       }}
      }}
     }}
    }}
   }}
  }}
 }}
}}

{{clear}}